Can someone clarify what the respective roles of Virgin, RailTrack/NR and the DfT were in the WC line upgrade and paying for the Pendolinos and Voyagers? Whose idea was it all, who managed it, and who paid for it, etc?
Richard Bowker (who ran the SRA at the crucial time, after being one of the original Virgin bid team) once said "no-one knows the whole story" (of the WCRM fiasco).
The WC franchise was advertised in 1996 for 15 years with two elements:
OPRAF/Railtrack - to renew the West Coast like-for-like (ie to 110mph non-tilt) but to high reliability.
OPRAF/TOC - replacement of all trains, still 110mph. There was an option called PUG1 to go to 125mph and tilt from 2003.
Virgin won with the PUG1 option included, and very much pushed the tilt design.
There was then a third element contracted after the franchise started: Virgin/Railtrack - PUG2 upgrade to 140mph south of Crewe from 2005
Virgin then designed the trains with Alstom, Angel Trains and RT and procured them through Angel, based on a lease to 2012.
OPRAF/SRA (=DfT) had very little to do with this bit, other than approving the subsidy profile.
The contracts fell apart in 2000/01 after Hatfield and Railtrack collapse, with RT unable to deliver PUG2 (or even PUG1 until much later).
There was then an emergency "letter agreement" between DfT and Virgin until the franchise was "restated" in 2008 after something close to PUG1 was delivered.
The franchise became essentially a management contract for the intervening years, the costs falling on DfT and NR.
There's obviously a lot more, but every time you say it happened this way, somebody jumps up and says it wasn't like that.
I'm just going on what Roger Ford reported at the time.
It all left a lot of bad blood, notably at RT/NR, and probably within DfT.
Allegedly, it was all down to the expertness of the Virgin lawyers in drawing up the contracts, led by Tom Winsor (later the Rail Regulator and currently sorting out the police).