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Settlement Association

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Like many important and strategic ports, Liverpool was guarded by a castle; its was built in the 1230s. After the Civil Wars of the 1640s it fell into disrepair and was demolished by authority of an Act of Parliament of 1715. However, an idea of what it looked like can be gained by visiting Rivington, Lancashire, where a replica of the ruined castle (based on a nineteenth century conjectural plan) was partially built at the expense of soap magnate William Lever.
 

Calthrop

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Carrying on here, rather abstrusely, via associations with 1960s / 70s popular music (in the main, a subject concerning which my knowledge and interest, are almost zero). As might be expected vis-a-vis that scene, there are American connections. There was in the sixties, a group called the Rivingtons -- only association (must be coincidental) with the Lancashire settlement, is the name -- these guys were from Los Angeles. Their most prominent hit was a number called Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow. A little later -- fl. early 1970s -- was an English group who took as their name, Mott The Hoople. That title, a bit of Americana: I think, taken from something in American fiction which bore said title -- apparently in US slang, a "hoople" means a country boy: Mr. Mott in the tale, was one such. The English music group's members came from Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, and environs -- saw themselves as lads from a rural background, hence their picking the name that they did.
 
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The church at How Caple has a window by Frederick Preedy (1820-98), believed to be the only architect of his era who was also a stained glass artist (and vice-versa). Among his many works as an architect was the church of St Andrew at Temple Grafton, Warwickshire.
 

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Temple Grafton's name is allegedly a result of a naming error from the time of Henry VIII whihc has been perpetuated. Rather than the suggested association with the Knights Templar, the village was, in fact, a property of the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (the Knights Hospitaller).

Another English settlement which included an estate of the Knights Hospitaller (St John's Jerusalem Preceptory, established in 1199 and now a National Trust property) is Sutton-at-Hone in Kent.
 

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The site, and remains, of a Roman villa are located at Horton Kirby. There is an outstanding example of this variety of archaeological treasure at Brading, Isle of Wight.
 
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Whippingham boasts the rather astonishing St Mildred's church - a saint new to me, but a few dedications scattered about SE England, including the church at Tenterden in Kent.
 

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Redditch, Worcestershire, is also twinned with a settlement in the French departement of Yonne. Tenterden's "twin" is Avallon; Redditch's is Auxerre.
 

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Penygroes lies on -- or only just off ! -- the A487 road; as does, much further south, Newport (Pembrokeshire).
 

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Cleveleys, Lancashire: also has on its seashore, a section of petrified forest.
 

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Doncaster, South Yorkshire, is also twinned with a settlement in the far south of Poland. Lancing's "twin" is Zywiec; Doncaster's is Gliwice.
 

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The "Stroud" in Stroud Green is derived from from the Old English stod = "marshy land covered with brushwood". (A plentiful meaning for a small word -- to whose pay, Humpty Dumpty would presumably have added a bonus.) The name of Stroud, Gloucestershire, comes from the same Old English root.

@Xenophon PCDGS -- you'll be able to answer this if anyone will -- by my understanding such as it is, the quasi-Latin for the often-showing-up phrase re St. Peter in Chains, is "St. Peter ad Vincula". Per my knowledge of Latin -- from school long ago, and for sure less than yours: "ad" means "toward". Is there not also a Latin word "in" -- same meaning as in English -- or am I being a dunce here? Re this: the afflicted saint being referred to as "toward" chains, seems -- well, needlessly strange. Or is this simply a "just because", linguistic quirk?
 
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Musician Gerry Rafferty (Night Owl, Baker Street and as part of 'Stealers Wheel', Stuck in the Middle with You) died in Stroud in 2011. He was born in Paisley in 1947.
 

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Leeds, West Yorkshire, also has as part of its coat of arms, three owls. (Those on Oldham's coat of arms feature, it is suggested, in wordplay -- "Oldham" / local pronunciation "Owdham" / "owl".)
 

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An undertaking based in Skipton, is the chocolatier Whitakers. Ida Whitaker, the founder, began making chocolates in 1903; having been taught in the art, by the wife of the vicar of Kildwick, North Yorkshire -- a few miles to the south-east. (Let's hope that the Vic. realised what a gem he thus had, in his helpmeet.)
 

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I'm aware @Calthrop has a penchant for eccentric English place names, so I'll step in with this one . . .

On the outskirts of Yatton Keynell and firmly within the same parish is the hamlet of Tiddleywink.

Another settlement whose name has (vague) associations with some sort of game is Knockerdown, Derbyshire.
 

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