John Griffiths
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Like many important and strategic ports, Liverpool was guarded by a castle; its was built in the 1230s. After the Civil Wars of the 1640s it fell into disrepair and was demolished by authority of an Act of Parliament of 1715. However, an idea of what it looked like can be gained by visiting Rivington, Lancashire, where a replica of the ruined castle (based on a nineteenth century conjectural plan) was partially built at the expense of soap magnate William Lever.