As it turned out, England did not lose by one goal but had that goal been allowed to count then England could have decided to play very defensively and just try to prevent Germany scoring and hope for a goal off a set piece like against Spain last year. Of course this is quite risky as if the match had ended 2-2 I think most of us know who would have won the penalty shootout.
As for the penalty shootouts, in 1996 England scored all five of their penalties which may well have been enough to win in some cases but in this case Germany scored all of their penalties and England missed the first in sudden death. In 2006 Portugal missed two of their penalties and England may well have won had it not been for Ricardo who was very good at saving penalties.
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Not that easy with someone like Ricardo in goal though. He saved three of England's penalties, got a hand to Hargreaves' penalty and I believe even got a hand to Zidane's penalty in the semi-final. I think the two players that have missed penalties in shootouts rather than have them saved or Waddle in 1990 and Beckham in 2004. Pearce, Southgate, Ince, Batty, Vassell, Lampard, Gerrard and Carragher all had their penalties saved. At the end of the day when there is a penalty shootout, you can have a team or world class penalty takers but eventually someone is going to have to miss for there to be a result.
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I don't think there is any doubt that it was a goal, unlike in 1966.