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That's based on the assumption that that the ratio of rail to road journeys is similar between them. The council wouldn't have built that 1300 space multi-storey car park 2 years ago if traffic was declining, and with the kite festival on the roads from the M55 to St Annes have been blocked up...
From what I've seen the main difference is that the EU red channels are usually staffed, while the UK ones are more often than not empty with just a phone.
The councils are partly to blame for that since before the fare cap some used percentage of single as the basis of ENCTS reimbursement, rather than a flat rate. So that flow was required with the pass needing to be continuously present while the driver was selecting the destination.
I heard one like that at Salford Crescent, train not booked to stopped but the guard announced it when the driver was braking for a signal. In that case the driver patched the buzzer to the PA to give 2-2 as we entered the platform
Started to change from the 90s when unvented hot water cylinders made the cold water tank obsolete. Then with combi boilers not having any tanks even the hot water is drinkable, leading to mixer taps becoming more commonplace.
As always let's look at the Netherlands for an example. Depending on the type of card and if the start or end is missing, it's ether a flat €20 or the maximum possible single (€33.30 2nd class, €59.94 1st class, €46.62 weekend 1st). For reference the penalty fare is €70 + fare due, with a €20...
The discussion about the byelaws is also a red herring. They've had the policy and been successfully prosecuting people for many years before they switched from the national byelaws to the hybrid of those and TfL's, so it was a case of not fixing what isn't broken
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