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UK to the Continent by Sleeper Train

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Wanted to post in an existing thread about Sleeper services, signed up, and then found it was closed, so please forgive the new thread!


Does the community know what the challenges might be in setting up Sleeper Train services from the UK to Europe?
 
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JamesT

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Wanted to post in an existing thread about Sleeper services, signed up, and then found it was closed, so please forgive the new thread!


Does the community know what the challenges might be in setting up Sleeper Train services from the UK to Europe?
Schengen is the big one, unless you're only going to and from the same locations as Eurostar, you'd need to set up the infrastructure to check passengers before they board and keep them segregated from the domestic railway.

https://jonworth.eu/the-future-of-long-distance-train-services-through-the-channel-tunnel/ is an article around the challenges of running more trains through the tunnel. The focus is on high-speed seated services, but many of the issues are going to apply to anyone trying to run a new service such as a sleeper through it.
 

JonathanH

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Does the community know what the challenges might be in setting up Sleeper Train services from the UK to Europe?
Yes, they are in a previous thread.

Mainly that sleeper trains aren't economic, and that people don't want to get up in the early hours to disembark at Lille for an hour.

Much easier to have night trains that start on the continent and use day trains to connect into them from the UK. All that is really needed is for Paris, Lille or Brussels to be some sort of sleeper hub, and then sell through tickets on Eurostar. However, the ticket prices won't be cheap.
 

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It was tried with Nightstar, there is even the locos were delivered for it (92s), but BR privatisation got the axe of it before even starting.

The main issue is the border controls, there is no spare capacity at the St Pancras terminal on the way out of the UK (unless you want the sleeper to depart at like 10pm). And the other way it's even more complicated.

So complicated in fact that the direct Travelski Eurostar ski charter now makes passengers disembark and pass controls at Lille both ways. Before Brexit and Covid a temporary UKVI (UK Visas and Immigration) team was sent off to Bourg-Saint-Maurice, but that was goldy costly for Eurostar.

If the UK weren't as strict on their border control policies, it could definitely be brought back, provided sufficient investment and adequate stock.

The 92s can't go further than Paris since they're single voltage from the OHL, and not everyone live in London so a European Loading Gauge train would not be suitable, needing a blank slate for coaching and loco stock, unlikely to be bankable.

The only thing I see would be for airlines to subsidise the service, with the only goal of removing a Heathrow slot for use elsewhere instead of a France-bound flight.
 
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snookertam

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Periodically there are newspaper articles/features suggesting that sleeper trains will be introduced in the future that get people’s hopes up. I recall one in the Guardian not so long ago suggesting that trains could be introduced between Glasgow/Edinburgh and Paris which, for the multitude of reasons mentioned above, are highly unlikely. The amount of work required to introduce such direct services, ie passport controls at Glasgow Central and Edinburgh Waverley, ensuring the trains are compatible with both the HS1/LGV Nord and the conventional British network make it sound all quite prohibitive.
 

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ensuring the trains are compatible with both the HS1/LGV Nord and the conventional British network make it sound all quite prohibitive.
If going only to Paris, the Class 92 already man the Caledonian Sleeper, so is up to UK standard, and the loco is up to LGV standards. The Mark 5 coaches are very likely up to EU standards. You could straight up reuse or get some new Mark 5 coaches.

The main issue will be passport control.
 
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DanNCL

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So complicated in fact that the direct Travelski Eurostar ski charter now makes passengers disembark and pass controls at Lille both ways. Before Brexit and Covid a temporary UKVI (UK Visas and Immigration) team was sent off to Bourg-Saint-Maurice, but that was goldy costly for Eurostar.
Was that not instead so that a ‘red Eurostar’ set could be used on the French side removing the need to send a 400m train to Bourg St Maurice?

The only thing I see would be for airlines to subsidise the service, with the only goal of removing a Heathrow slot for use elsewhere instead of a France-bound flight.
The only airline that would gain anything from that is British Airways.
Virgin Atlantic don’t fly short haul, Air France only have Heathrow slots for that route specifically, and the likes of EasyJet don’t use Heathrow.

If going only to Paris, the Class 92 already man the Caledonian Sleeper, so is up to UK standard, and the loco is up to LGV standards. The Mark 5 coaches are very likely up to EU standards. You could straight up reuse or get some new Mark 5 coaches.

The main issue will be passport control.
92s don’t have KVB so can’t run on any of the French classic lines (apart from the immediate vicinity of Frethun which has/had AWS), which rules out operation into any of the Paris Termini as well as into St Pancras. Any sleeper using 92s would have to use Stratford International as the London terminus (or come from the North of England or even Scotland) and either CDG or Marne la Vallee as the Paris terminus in order stay off lines that require KVB.
 

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Was that not instead so that a ‘red Eurostar’ set could be used on the French side removing the need to send a 400m train to Bourg St Maurice?
Both probably, cost and that, I don't really know

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92s don’t have KVB
Actually didn't realize that,
 
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zwk500

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92s don’t have KVB so can’t run on any of the French classic lines (apart from the immediate vicinity of Frethun which has/had AWS), which rules out operation into any of the Paris Termini as well as into St Pancras. Any sleeper using 92s would have to use Stratford International as the London terminus (or come from the North of England or even Scotland) and either CDG or Marne la Vallee as the Paris terminus in order stay off lines that require KVB.
Or change locos over at Calais-Frethun.
 

Bald Rick

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I recall one in the Guardian not so long ago suggesting that trains could be introduced between Glasgow/Edinburgh and Paris which, for the multitude of reasons mentioned above, are highly unlikely.

That was Midnight Trains. They went bust earlier this year, no doubt realising the economic reality of sleeper services.


The main issue will be passport control.

The main issue is economics. Or, more bluntly, there would not be a sufficiently sized market to make a service financially viable at the prices that would need to be charged to cover the costs.


Was that not instead so that a ‘red Eurostar’ set could be used on the French side removing the need to send a 400m train to Bourg St Maurice?

Having spent many a time at Bourg SM, almost all the long distance services on ski season Saturdays are double TGV sets and mostly double deck.
 

DanNCL

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Having spent many a time at Bourg SM, almost all the long distance services on ski season Saturdays are double TGV sets and mostly double deck.
I was thinking more on the lines that it would allow Eurostar to use the 374 elsewhere rather than there being any practical issue with having 400m sets down there.
 

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Or change locos over at Calais-Frethun.
I don't think there are electric TVM locos in SNCF fleet, but I could be wrong
Or, more bluntly, there would not be a sufficiently sized market to make a service financially viable at the prices that would need to be charged to cover the costs
Are you certain of that? The Caledonian Sleeper is booked out months in advance in most classes of travel, and the fares charged in most cases are very steep.

Apart from Ryanair, paying 400-500pp. for a trip like Edinburgh to Paris doesn't sound that agregious when you see the fares charged by Cali Sleeper.

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That was Midnight Trains. They went bust earlier this year, no doubt realising the economic reality of sleeper services.
Of course, there is no way for a private firm to start that kind of service, but a state railway maybe.
 

zwk500

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I don't think there are electric TVM locos in SNCF fleet, but I could be wrong
You could fit AWS to the connection to the classic Frethun platforms if you really needed to. Or grant a temporary dispensation, or change locos using the existing Frethun exchange sidings. However this is very much a sideshow to the point @Bald Rick mentioned.
Are you certain of that? The Caledonian Sleeper is booked out months in advance in most classes of travel, and the fares charged in most cases are very steep.
Yes, you'd be charging twice as much as CS's most expensive ticket for the cheapest international sleeper ticket, because the costs of operating trains into the Channel Tunnel and across the border are vastly greater than those associated with running a domestic operation (and CS still loses money). You can fly and get an airport hotel for a lot less in the overwhelming majority of cases.

If you could persuade the UK government to either waive the need for controls, join schengen, or agree to check on arrival, then things might get more realistic.

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Of course, there is no way for a private firm to start that kind of service, but a state railway maybe.
If anything, it'd be easier for a private firm to do it because very few government would countenance such an ineffective use of public money.
 

mike57

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My own view is the border control issues trump all the other problems. To resolve this would require a wider political solution. The other issues are rail related issues, e.g. rolling stock and locomotives, with maybe locomotive changes en-route being the answer. These rail issues could be solved if there was a commercial case. However the border control issues are always going to be there unless there is a major change in government policy which seems very unlikely, as it would likely be tied up with the UK rejoining the EU, and only the Lib Dems support that openly, and my belief is the other parties will remain opposed to any 'rejoin', or not want to reopen old wounds, letting sleeping dog lie.
 

Bald Rick

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I was thinking more on the lines that it would allow Eurostar to use the 374 elsewhere rather than there being any practical issue with having 400m sets down there.

Ah I see. Yes. It could also have been SNCF wanting to send 400m double deck sets downthere for more capacity as opposed to a 373.


Are you certain of that? The Caledonian Sleeper is booked out months in advance in most classes of travel, and the fares charged in most cases are very steep.

Yes I’m sure. The Caledonian sleeper is steep, and yet the operation loses money hand over fist. Neither does it have to pay access charges for HS1 (steep), or Eurotunnel (very steep), or LGV Nord. Put all that together, the complication of changing traction, paying for border controls and security at (say) Edinburgh, a minimum 10-11 hour journey time, then a £500+ one way bed is going to be attractive to only a very small proportion of the 1000 people a day who travel each way from the central belt to Paris. Certainly not the 150 or so you‘d need to fill a train to make it pay, when the alternative is a journey that takes less than a fifth of the time, for less than a fifth of the price, with a range of arrival / departure times.
 
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Fascinating. Brexit nonsense again.

Ostensibly, technically, sleeper services could run from all over the UK to all over Europe. Or they have to run to St Pancras? Eurostar used to take me to university in Paris from Waterloo, many moons ago; and the old platforms at Waterloo weren't being used.

What seems to make perfect sense is utalising a quiet time on the rails. (How much freight travels by rail at night? My biz used to receive goods transported from China via Russian rail, which has of course ceased.) Waking up at your destination and having the whole day ahead also makes perfect sense and offsets the ticket price.

The cost/expense/investment issue will flip on its head as the world heats up. However, the challenge is often working accross borders on these bigger issues. Transnational train travel probably needs a few political heavy weights behind it, and it can ramp up. One day hoards of trains will leave and arrive each night. And the romance of having a meal and a night cap at the bar (to more southerly destinations), must happen? Baring a huge leap forward in battery technology for planes (lighter denser batteries), we will have to embrace a Victorian-like mode of travel, won't we?

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Read the blog on the logistical issues.

Why can't passport checks take place on the train? With some other initial checks on departure and ticket purchase. It could be made to work if there is enough political determination and buy-in.

If a system of flight credits or tracking of an individuals flights per year takes place, it will create huge demand overnight for effective train travel to Europe. People might save up credits for longer haul flights, and take a sleeper train to Southern Europe, for example.
 
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MarkyT

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92s don’t have KVB so can’t run on any of the French classic lines (apart from the immediate vicinity of Frethun which has/had AWS), which rules out operation into any of the Paris Termini as well as into St Pancras. Any sleeper using 92s would have to use Stratford International as the London terminus (or come from the North of England or even Scotland) and either CDG or Marne la Vallee as the Paris terminus in order stay off lines that require KVB.
If the 92s are to be retrofitted with ETCS, that might be an opportunity to also configure the equipment to emulate KVB. I believe an ETCS eurobalise reader can also interrogate KVB balises using the same carrier frequency, but a different message protocol. Suitable onboard emulation software could be provided for the EVC and DMI.
 

popeter45

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in a world where sleepers would actually happen thru the tunnel if getting new carriages it would prob make better sence to order dedicated loco's for it too that fit the needs rather than adapt the plans to fit the limitations of the 92's
as all on GC gauge best bet would prob be 180/200km/h Traxx's with TVM and KVB to take the consist as far as at least Lille where the 400m consist would best be split up to wherever its going

also in terms of security the idea of a moving boarder is one i think would be worth at least a look at academically, e.g. 2-3 seated carriages that are shengen side on the EU>UK trip that you board, then go thru passport and bag checks while in motion to enter the UK side that has your room, these get detached prior to travel thru the tunnel and attached unused to the UK>EU train, means you only need 1 set of border staff rather than a set at each station
 

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also in terms of security the idea of a moving boarder is one i think would be worth at least a look at academically, e.g. 2-3 seated carriages that are shengen side on the EU>UK trip that you board, then go thru passport and bag checks while in motion to enter the UK side that has your room, these get detached prior to travel thru the tunnel and attached unused to the UK>EU train, means you only need 1 set of border staff rather than a set at each station
Why does any sleeper have to start in the UK at all? It is quite straightforward to plan around evening departures from London around 7pm, that connect into European sleepers from Paris or Brussels around 10pm. No need to do anything with messing around with border staff. No need for special rolling stock. No need for the extra costs of low density rolling stock on routes with high access charges.
 

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It is quite straightforward to plan around evening departures from London around 7pm, that connect into European sleepers from Paris
No sleeper would be able to depart from Paris Nord without a massive roundabout through the LGV Interconnexion, making it quite a bit unappealing since you still need to cross-Paris change.

If sleeper timings are to be kept, 10pm would also be quite late for a majority of the sleepers, the Nice one leaves at 9pm from Austerlitz, the Hendaye/Andorra one leaves at 8:30pm
 

zwk500

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No sleeper would be able to depart from Paris Nord without a massive roundabout through the LGV Interconnexion, making it quite a bit unappealing since you still need to cross-Paris change.

If sleeper timings are to be kept, 10pm would also be quite late for a majority of the sleepers, the Nice one leaves at 9pm from Austerlitz, the Hendaye/Andorra one leaves at 8:30pm
Tbh, at 2h journey time to Brussels a 9pm departure for a 11.30pm sleeper from Brussels would be very reasonable. Key there is to get tickets aligned and robust disruption protocols.
 

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Why does any sleeper have to start in the UK at all? It is quite straightforward to plan around evening departures from London around 7pm, that connect into European sleepers from Paris or Brussels around 10pm. No need to do anything with messing around with border staff. No need for special rolling stock. No need for the extra costs of low density rolling stock on routes with high access charges.
Absolutely.

A long time ago I did this but when coming home to the Fens, getting mid-morning trains from Paris to London.

No sleeper would be able to depart from Paris Nord without a massive roundabout through the LGV Interconnexion, making it quite a bit unappealing since you still need to cross-Paris change.
The change of stations in Paris was the big drawback, especially as the French don't know how to do breakfast.
 

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especially as the French don't know how to do breakfast.
As a French, let me tell you that breakfast is better had with just a coffee and a pastry in a good bakery like there are many in Paris but that's off-topic. Just eat it on the train.

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Tbh, at 2h journey time to Brussels a 9pm departure for a 11.30pm sleeper from Brussels
Where are you looking to go with a start at 11:30pm? A sleeper is mostly useful if you arrive at your destination before 10am
 
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zwk500

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Where are you looking to go with a start at 11:30pm? A sleeper is mostly useful if you arrive at your destination before 10am
Because I was working on a 6.30 dinner, 8pm checking, 9am departure, etc.
You could leave earlier and have food on board of course. Or be even more civilised and go even earlier and have dinner in Brussels itself.
 

D365

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If the 92s are to be retrofitted with ETCS, that might be an opportunity to also configure the equipment to emulate KVB. I believe an ETCS eurobalise reader can also interrogate KVB balises using the same carrier frequency, but a different message protocol. Suitable onboard emulation software could be provided for the EVC and DMI.
It’s complicated enough trying to get the EVC and TVM430 - which are different bits of hardware - to talk. Modifying or replacing the EVC software is another ballpark altogether.
 

zwk500

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No, I meant what kind of service would you run with a departure at 11:30pm, genuinely curious
Somewhere a Sleeper travelling at around 120kph average would reach about 7.30-8.00 the next morning. Plenty of potential destinations as London won't be the only traffic source.
 

Bald Rick

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Tbh, at 2h journey time to Brussels a 9pm departure for a 11.30pm sleeper from Brussels would be very reasonable. Key there is to get tickets aligned and robust disruption protocols.

If you got a 2100 departure from St P to Brussels, you‘d miss the 2330 sleeper from Brussels by at least half an hour ;)
 
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