There was an interesting point on Question Time last night. It is often forgotten we have a land border, a porous land border, with the EU in Ireland. How do we police that on the event our our leaving the EU?
Neither the UK nor Ireland is in Schengen so in terms of crossing the border by land it should make no difference. The Common Travel Area enables passport free crossing between Northern Ireland and the Republic which could continue regardless. Furthermore, Irish people have always been allowed to live in the UK without restriction even before the EU so that will presumably be unchanged. Not sure about the other way around. However people from Northern Ireland can get an Irish passport if necessary so that is an option for them if they want to live and work in the EU/EEA.
The main issue would be the customs union. That could be preserved under a Norway-style agreement.
If NI wishes to continue to benefit from Ireland's membership of the EU, it will need to continue to accept EU citizens on the same terms as UK and Irish nationals in order to maintain a tenable working relationship. Will border controls therefore be introduced between Great Britain and Northern Ireland, or will whatever relationship exists at present (of which I am unfamiliar) continue regardless? The latter is the more likely; one of many gaping holes in the idea that Great Britain would be "protected" from EU migrants by leaving the EU. I'm under the impression that a significantly lesser proportion of the Northern Irish have this visceral fear of EU migrants that many English have, which is why I am surprised that Theresa Villiers and, especially, the DUP, are in favour of leaving the EU. Perhaps any NI / Irish residents on here (if there are any) would be able to elaborate.
A similar thought applies to Scotland. Scotland votes to leave the UK and joins the EU. We are left as Little England (and Wales), while a land border is created between England and the EU. When combined with the NI / Ireland land border there would be over 400 miles of land border between the UK and the EU, around one quarter of which would be in Great Britain.
These considerations are, in my mind, of far greater importance than those considerations which have been featured in the mass media and perpetuated, so far, by the government.
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I'm probably going to vote to stay in but one thing did make me laugh. The Polish and Hungarian PM's saying they would refuse to allow Britain to not pay child benefit to their citizens who work in the UK but their children reside in their home country. If the UK left the EU their citizens wouldn't get the benefit at all let alone indexed. I believe the deal is as good as we are going to get and believe the costs of leaving are higher than what is gained by leaving.
The UK is free to decide not to pay child benefit and child tax credit to non-resident children (recent ECJ case law makes it quite clear that this would be permitted under EU law). But the UK government won't do this because it would disadvantage English expats in, for example, Spain. It must have taken the calculated decision that the amount paid to the non-resident children of migrant EU workers, such as the Polish, is negligible in the context of the overall child benefit and child tax credit budget (which is true). But considering the furore which has developed over this issue, I'm surprised the UK government considered it necessary to ensure the protection of expats, who have waved goodbye to the UK, over the need to avoid disagreement with other Member States over an issue which is petty in itself, but legally and politically difficult to resolve for as long as the UK refuses to amend its own welfare system.