But what exactly is the problem with e-cigarettes?
The main problem with e-cigarettes is not necessarily the devices them selves but the batteries that power them.
Lithium batteries primarily have three major faults, over charging, under charging and high current delivery.
The high current delivery is actually one of the main advantages with lithium batteries, the fact that they can power high drain appliances being useful in so many applications (e-cigarettes being certainly one of them). This, however, also means that if something goes wrong and there is a short in the pack/cell they get very hot very quickly which can cause the battery (as with this incident) to explode or catch fire.
This fact combined with a lack of understanding by most people of how lithium batteries behave, the fact we want ever higher capacities in a smaller battery, inadequate storage and the plethora or badly made cheap lithium batteries without the requisite protection circuitry to protect against shorting exasperates this problem.
The note 7 battery being an unfortunate consequence of a battery that was just two small for it's capacity.
The next problem relates to the charging of the battery, primarily one of batteries being incorrectly charged and damaging the cell(s) making them unsafe during subsequent use or causing them to catch on fire or explode.
This (generally overcharging) is caused by using chargers that are not designed for lithium batteries and as such either don't charge in the specific way lithium batteries like to be recharged (i.e. just having a voltage put across the terminals of the battery, something that at low currents is fine with Ni-Mh/Ni-Cd) or failing to stop the charging process when the battery has reached full capacity.
A good example of this was e-cigarettes being supplied with what looked like a standard USB charger with a standard USB A connector. Given that a standard lithium cell is nominally 3.7V and USB is defined as nominally 5V using a phone charger to charge the e-cigarette caused the battery to quickly overheat and either explode or catch on fire.
The last problem is one of over discharge. Lithium batteries can be permanently damaged if the cell voltage is too low casing problems and possible overheating during charging, this generally happens if there is no circuitry either in the battery or in the device to completely cut the battery when the cell voltage has fallen below a certain threshold and as most devices now use soft power on/off as long as the battery is connected to the device then it is being constantly drained.
But what is the solution?
Firstly better regulation is needed both in the quality of the batteries and charging methods. Lithium batteries should have a government mandated inspection scheme that the product needs to pass for the device/battery to be legally sold. Ideally this would form part of a worldwide scheme that all countries adhere too.
Secondly as part of this regulation the charging of batteries also needs to be looked at, making sure lithium battery chargers/charging circuits charge the batteries correctly and banning the use of chargers that whilst have USB sockets use different voltages removing the problem of supplying a device with 5V where the battery id expecting 3.7V.
should not be possible on a device legally sold in Britain to have a voltage applied to it that can cause an internal battery to explode.
And lastly educating people on the dangers and showing them how to store lithium batteries safely. Putting a lithium battery in the same pocket as keys and such like will eventually cause a short and you WILL know about it.