I'm not a train driver, but to me a simple example of the need for learning is this: if a driver sees a yellow signal, he knows he needs to stop his train before the next signal. But that information is useless unless he knows the braking performance of the train (traction knowledge and experience) and the location of that next signal (route knowledge).
Not just the signal location, but the characteristics of the line up to the next signal. For example, the future Thameslink lines through London Bridge have quite an appreciable climb/fall up and over the Bermondsey dive-under.
And with 11 parallel tracks (thus parallel signals), a clear indication of which signals do and do not apply to them, and what route indications mean for the multitude of possibilities available.