If you were on a train that had previously called at York, and calling at Sheffield, then yes. If not, then we need to check the routing guide.
York and Sheffield Group are both routing points.
The routing permissions for York to Sheffield Group are: ER+YL, NE+YL and SH+TP.
Looking at the maps, ER+YL gives:
York-Doncaster-Swinton-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Selby-Doncaster-Swinton-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Selby-Gilberdyke-Goole-Doncaster-Swinton-Meadowhall-Sheffield
NE+YL gives:
York-Pontefract-Swinton-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Leeds-Wakefield-Swinton-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Harrogate-Leeds-Wakefield-Swinton-Meadowhall-Sheffield
SH+TP gives:
York-Leeds-Huddersfield-Barnsley-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Selby-Leeds-Huddersfield-Barnsley-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Leeds-Wakefield-Huddersfield-Barnsley-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Selby-Leeds-Wakefield-Huddersfield-Barnsley-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Leeds-Ponterfract-Huddersfield-Barnsley-Meadowhall-Sheffield
York-Selby-Leeds-Pontefract-Huddersfield-Barnsley-Meadowhall-Sheffield
In terms of the direct routes from Leeds-Sheffield, if you are not on a direct York-Sheffield train which you join at Leeds, you are only valid on trains via Wakfield and Swinton, ie the majority of Intercity trains which do not call at Doncaster.