Err, no it didn't! It was supposed to usher in a new era of cheap mass market supersonic flight. Nobody else has tried supersonic flight since - the concept failed.
The best answer there was that it was ahead of its time. That's happened many times. Take Brunel's
Great Eastern. She was a magnificent ship, but beset with problems and technical faults, simply because nobody had any experience of shipbuilding on that scale before. When she finally went into service, it was incredibly difficult to find enough passengers to make her profitable. It took 41 years to surpass her in length and 43 years to surpass her in tonnage, yet the hull form was incredibly similar (but with an enormous superstructure on top, giving much more passenger space). Inside the hull, technology had caught up with ambition, providing engines with sufficient power and economy to move something that big efficiently. A decade later, they were building ships with twice the tonnage.
How soon before technology catches up with Concorde? Again, it depends on engines. Thing is, there is no incentive to work on variable-cycle turbojets, there is currently nothing to use them. One day, something will, it's just a question of when.
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No it does not and there are other ways of providing more capacity without building through the AONB. If you do not believe this then look at a map, a new line does not have to take such an environmentally destructive route. The other issues is as I said in another thread, you can't build your way out of congestion and in the long term demand management may be the only option.
Well, other than the fact that this is an AONB with a motorway running right through it (just like the Lune Gorge, where the eventual line beyond Manchester will have to go) there are a limited number of routes north from London. The easiest, which I would have used for a direct Birmingham line, would be to run it through Watford Gap alongside the WCML and the M1. The problem there is getting it through the London suburbs, unless we follow the Midland's Luton route and swing west around Harlington to pass east of Milton Keynes and join the WCML somewhere near Roade, then pass through Watford Gap, skirt round Rugby and join a quadrupled route through Coventry and Birmingham, with a second branch to link into the Trent Valley. Thing is, that adds distance, although it might provide a better route to the East Midlands by branching off at Luton, Milton Keynes or Rugby. It also doesn't provide a Birmingham approach, just crams the traffic into New Street.
My answer would not be to move the route, but to provide a station at Brackley so that a Javelin-style suburban service can use the route. Javelin has not been all that well-used, but that is a result of the expensive fare. Cut the fares, and it will get just as many passengers as the line to Charing Cross, which will actually make it more profitable. A station at Brackley with some form of connection to Banbury would allow trains from Warwick, Stratford-on-Avon or even Birmingham Snow Hill to use the route, and provide an access point from the south as an alternative route to Heathrow via Oxford and Reading. Aylesbury might get a station (or rather a diversion via the existing station) as well. All this depends on having capacity, so there ought to be enough room set aside for a four-track route, in case we ever need one.
Show people the benefits of having a railway in the area, and they are more likely to support its construction. It's unfortunate they screwed up with the Javelin, but that's fixable. Just make it affordable, and people will use it.