The reason why many people use cars, is because the public transport system is quite frankly ****! Especially the buses. The way to get people out of their cars, is to improve public transport, so that it is genuinely usable, and isn't something you have to use because you don't have a car.
Not some draconian unfair taxing system.
The poor state of public transport is not a reason why we should not create a system which will fix the indirect subsidy of private vehicle use which has led to public transport provision in so many areas being cut back.
Once you charge people for car use, they're going to care a lot more that there is public transport. One of the indirect reasons for that is that as public or active transport use in an area increases, the fixed road space that is available will become more free for private vehicles. If we charge the tax on the basis of congestion, then the tax could actually go down as a result of more public transport - e.g. a rail line being (re)opened parallel to a main road.
At the risk of going OT, with the school run examples, I realise not all posters will have personal experience of this, but choice and availability of schools is based on many factors other than physical proximity. In my part of the world, we still have grammar schools and the 11+ exam, so you could live practically next door but still not get in because you don’t meet their admission criteria. There are other societal factors which interplay with all of this and it isn’t necessarily pure free choice.
This is part of a wider societal discussion about the nature of development. The subsidy of car use has allowed Britain to sprawl in such a way that people now need to travel in ways which are only really practical by car. Fixing this subsidy will naturally result in development going in the opposite direction. Houses out in suburban sprawl will be less desirable due to higher travel costs, while those in denser urban areas will become more desirable. With developers going for density, the councils will have to follow suit with where they put schools.
This morning I was reading an academic evaluation of the Lorry Road User Charge scheme that HMRC worked on for several years in the 2000s before the decision was taken not to go ahead with implementation. This was exactly the sort of scheme that is being proposed here, i.e. charging based on real time tracking of roads travelled down and road-level pricing. The idea was that both UK and non-UK lorries would be charged, but to level the playing field UK lorries would be given an equivalent tax rebate - so overseas lorries paid a "fairer share" for road usage given that road tolls are quite rare in the UK but common in mainland Europe.
The study noted that whilst the GPS location tracking element would be fairly straightforward, determining and updating the appropriate pricing for every stretch of road would be rather more complex. It is not a technical matter of populating the database tables, it is agreeing what principles, factors and assumptions are used as inputs to the calculation - and avoiding perverse outcomes. It also noted the potential for displacement, i.e. price-sensitive but not time-sensitive hauliers deliberately taking longer and more circuitous but lower priced routes to their destination and this would increase emissions overall.
The devil is in the detail.
I for one would be very enthusiastic about the legalisation of electric scooters.
As said above, it isn't necessarily a bad thing that less time-sensitive hauliers would take more circuitous routes, especially once we have our shift to electric vehicles. The key is that there is consistency across the road network. One of the specific issues with road tolling is that it can create perverse incentives. It's easy to put in a toll plaza on the brand new motorway or other trunk road you've just built bypassing a medieval town but it's rather harder to toll people for driving through the town. If the toll is set too high, then drivers will just continue to drive through it, unless you start putting in place even more complex measures.
With the tracking information it should be practical to experiment and see what happens. If we notice unfortunate side-effects, then we can tweak the costs to see if they get better.
Also, a factor involved in HGV taxation and regulation gives a good reason why this tracking system needs to cover everything fitted with a number plate. HGVs require special licensing and they are regulated in special ways with tachometers. However, there are some movements which can be done with smaller vehicles which do not get regulated. There's an entire cottage industry of couriers who only ever use large panel vans and they're able to drive much faster across Europe because they don't have to stop. If you just create a new tax for lorries, it'll just shift more and more missions into smaller vans. If you tax all vehicles and then have a smooth tax curve across vehicle classes and usages this won't happen. That's why it's best just to use vehicle mass, possibly divided by tyre contact patch size, in the formula rather than fixed values for different classes of vehicle.
A colleague of mine (more precisely his son) had a bad experience with a black box insurance scheme. His son got several warnings and a final warning before compulsory termination for speeding violations. It turned out the mapping data was out of date and hadn’t reflected a recent increase in speed limit from 30 to 40 on a short stretch of road near his house. Having insurance terminated is a serious matter you must declare on new proposals so in the end he just cancelled it altogether.
The solution to this problem is something only the government is capable of doing. Whatever speed limit the computer system believes to be in place on the road is the one it will believe. If someone wants to change the speed limit on a road, then it must be changed in this central place first. Cars can then fetch the current speed limits from this central database.