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Why are aeroplane doors still manually closed?

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WizCastro197

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The title is partially self explanatory but the wording is slightly confusing so I will elaborate:

Trains as all of you are aware of have sliding plugs which close themselves through the push of a button. Why aren't aeroplanes able to have a similar system where a member of the flight crew can close the door by pressing a button which would also remain locked during flight?

Hope that makes sense. this may have already happened and I am well behind aviation doors but I am under the impression that a system like this doesn't exist?
 
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hexagon789

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The title is partially self explanatory but the wording is slightly confusing so I will elaborate:

Trains as all of you are aware of have sliding plugs which close themselves through the push of a button. Why aren't aeroplanes able to have a similar system where a member of the flight crew can close the door by pressing a button which would also remain locked during flight?

Hope that makes sense. this may have already happened and I am well behind aviation doors but I am under the impression that a system like this doesn't exist?
Safety - because if an electric train or car door fails on the ground that's not a massive issue. If an electric plane door fails in the sky, where can you go to fix it?

Also having an entirely manual latch is significantly more reliable in case of the need for emergency evacuation.

Finally, the latch in plane doors incorporates more than just a lock, if the seal fails that can potentially result in hypoxia for the passengers or even a pressure blowout. There have been some tragic accidents in the past attributed to design flaws or failures in plane doors.
 

Halifaxlad

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Also having an entirely manual latch is significantly more reliable in case of the need for emergency evacuation.

Quite!

Imagine a plane had to ditch into a river, the plane slowly starts to fill with water, the Air stewards can't get the door open as the electrics have gone out!
 

hexagon789

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Quite!

Imagine a plane had to ditch into a river, the plane slowly starts to fill with water, the Air stewards can't get the door open as the electrics have gone out!
The 'Short-Circuit on the Hudson' isn't as catchy...
 

John Webb

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Also saves weight by not having to fit an actuator to open/close the doors, which hopefully are only open at the start and end of the journey?
 

185

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I'm sure under the DfT's modernisation, those pesky stewardess will go, all doors will be automated (Pilot Only Operation) and a vending machine selling Tizer will be stuck in row 26. Infact, ditch the pilot. A Morphy Richards toaster could fly a plane safely, the RSSB said so :)
 

XAM2175

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Hope that makes sense. this may have already happened and I am well behind aviation doors but I am under the impression that a system like this doesn't exist?
Also having an entirely manual latch is significantly more reliable in case of the need for emergency evacuation.
Imagine a plane had to ditch into a river, the plane slowly starts to fill with water, the Air stewards can't get the door open as the electrics have gone out!
Also saves weight by not having to fit an actuator to open/close the doors, which hopefully are only open at the start and end of the journey?
Actually, power-operated doors do exist - they were quite common in the 1970s and 1980s; they're fitted to some or all doorways on Lockheed L-1011s, Douglas DC-10s, McDonnell-Douglas MD-11s, and Boeing 767s. The commonality in the systems is that the doors are mounted on runners that carry them up into the ceiling space above the doorway, so in effect they are quite like the plug doors you see on a train.

The system has a number of advantages; chief amongst them being that the door never has to pass through the doorway as an outward-opening one does, so it can be made physically larger than the doorway and this simplifies pressure-sealing it. Secondly, since there's no external protrusion, there is nothing to be damaged or removed from the aircraft entirely by gusts of wind or badly-aimed pieces of ground equipment. They were also a response to the increasing weight and unwieldiness of early outward hinged designs, which were starting to cause strain injuries to crew opening them and sometimes even more serious injuries to crew trying to close them (the 737 and 757 in particular were quite notorious for this at times).

The actual power assistance techniques varied by manufacturer: on the L-1011 the door was closed against a number of titanium springs with the assistance of an electric motor, with a hand crank provided in case the motor failed. In normal situations the door would be opened by releasing the latches that held it against the spring, with a governor controlling the rate of opening. In an emergency open the governor was disengaged, the slide/raft pack was released, and the door was effectively launched into the ceiling by the full force of springs.

On DC-10s and MD-11s the doors were effectively winched up and down by an electric motor in a windlass-style arrangement, which was more simple to design and maintain than Lockheed's spring-loaded design, but made opening the door very difficult if the motor failed because there was no counterweighting. For emergency opening a bottle of pressurised air or nitrogen (depending on fitout) would "fire" the door up the runners, again aided by weight lost in releasing the slide/raft pack.

Boeing's design was perhaps the most elegant - the door was fully counterweighted and so actually didn't need the power assistance, so much so that the power-assistance package was only fitted as a standard feature to the front-left door. Without the assistance it could be both closed and opened by one person, although obviously some strength was required to overcome the inertia of the door and the mechanical resistance of the runners. In any case power assistance was preferred for doors in regular use 1) because when opening the door the assistance system automatically disarmed the slide/raft firing system, and 2) when closing the door it meant the staff member didn't need to be tall enough to actually reach the door handles. In an emergency opening the slide/raft pack is released from the door and the counterweight easily carries the door up the runners on its own.

In time though all of the designs fell out of favour for a number of reasons: 1) the systems are very heavy, 2) they take up a lot of ceiling space, which is why they were never used on narrowbodies and which is at a premium even in newer widebodies, and 3) Airbus came up with a decent design for an outwards-opening door that was both lighter and easier to use, and that didn't need space inside the airframe, which Boeing promptly adopted for the 777 and 787.

It was also felt in some quarters that the need for runners to guide the door through its travel made the system more vulnerable to jamming in the event of fuselage distortion, although I don't believe this was ever objectively validated.

Now the fun part:
A DC-10 emergency door opening:

And the same on an MD-11:

And one here on a 767:

For those of you wanting a more in-depth understanding, I'll leave you in the capable hands of Canadian Airlines;
For the DC:10:

And for the 767:

Note: I believe that some companies employed various inward-opening and/or power assistance door concepts before the examples I've given above - the Sud Aviation Caravelle and Lockheed Electra come to mind - but they're not discussed because there's a limit to my willingness to do research for you lot :p
 

WizCastro197

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Quite!

Imagine a plane had to ditch into a river, the plane slowly starts to fill with water, the Air stewards can't get the door open as the electrics have gone out!
?

Of course such door would have some sort of manual opening mechanism just like all plugged doors have a manual emergency door open handle?
 

Ted633

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For emergencies, all doors have a powered opening assist (usually a compressed gas bottle) that flings the door open. With the door in automatic, all the cabin crew have to do is rotate the main handle and then the bottle will fire and fling the door open, very closely followed by the slide deploying.

The Airbus A380 did have an electrical door opening system. All the crew had to was lift the handle, and press the door open button and the door opened automatically. The opposite occurred on door closure and could be done from inside or outside the aircraft.
However, in use it was found moisture was getting into the control panels and there were instances of door opening as soon as the handle was lifted, this being a bit dangerous if you were opening from the outside. They've all now long since been deactivated and it's manual opening only.
 

edwin_m

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For safety reasons there needs to be a flight attendant close to each door, so closing them remotely doesn't really help with anything and creates risks that someone might be trapped.
 

Mattydo

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As has been said it did exist on some older aircraft. 767 (and arguably the 380 although that really only did half the job) being the only one I ever used, like the 380 though (before they were all deactivated) it was more of a semi automatic affair with the locking mechanism still operated by crew.

It is of course worth noting that most aircraft have some electrically operated doors in the form of the cargo bay hatches.

Whilst I think the idea that somehow they'd be less safe is probably untrue, as I'd imagine fairly simple engineering would get around anything like that, I imagine maintenance cost and weight will be the bigger issue. Airlines don't like unnecessary weight or unnecessary maintenance down time. The 737 manually attached girt bar has endured to this day because it is simple, easy to use and maintain and does what it needs to, as well as being a magnet for every bit of detritus dropped on the galley floor.
 

Lost property

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As has been said it did exist on some older aircraft. 767 (and arguably the 380 although that really only did half the job) being the only one I ever used, like the 380 though (before they were all deactivated) it was more of a semi automatic affair with the locking mechanism still operated by crew.

It is of course worth noting that most aircraft have some electrically operated doors in the form of the cargo bay hatches.

Whilst I think the idea that somehow they'd be less safe is probably untrue, as I'd imagine fairly simple engineering would get around anything like that, I imagine maintenance cost and weight will be the bigger issue. Airlines don't like unnecessary weight or unnecessary maintenance down time. The 737 manually attached girt bar has endured to this day because it is simple, easy to use and maintain and does what it needs to, as well as being a magnet for every bit of detritus dropped on the galley floor.
Very true, and clearly based on personal experience (detritus in the galley would warrant a whole new thread and would probably make many cringe in disbelief) but the door design was simplicity itself, even to the extent of including a simple latch ( with a yellow tab to easily manually depress) to ensure it remained open when it was windy.

The original B747-100 / 200 series did have a flaw in the door dis-arming which was why the CC of one operator, and one operator only, insisted they would only open the door once an engineer had visually checked from the outside.

To give you an idea of the weight of a door, try removing a B737-400 o'wing emergency exit door for routine inspections...heavy enough in a safe hangar with experienced engineers, but not something that could easily be accomplished by an untrained passenger in an emergency.

The 767 door has been mentioned and did work quite well....however, refitting a slide after deployment required a lot of manual effort.

For over engineered complexity, the ATP rear doors took some beating. Think of the locking mechanism as being similar to the Isle of Man national symbol, only with four legs for the shoot bolts...all of which were prone to freezing and hence couldn't always be opened on the ground and certainly not in a hurry.
 

Mattydo

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Very true, and clearly based on personal experience (detritus in the galley would warrant a whole new thread and would probably make many cringe in disbelief) but the door design was simplicity itself, even to the extent of including a simple latch ( with a yellow tab to easily manually depress) to ensure it remained open when it was windy.

The original B747-100 / 200 series did have a flaw in the door dis-arming which was why the CC of one operator, and one operator only, insisted they would only open the door once an engineer had visually checked from the outside.

To give you an idea of the weight of a door, try removing a B737-400 o'wing emergency exit door for routine inspections...heavy enough in a safe hangar with experienced engineers, but not something that could easily be accomplished by an untrained passenger in an emergency.

The 767 door has been mentioned and did work quite well....however, refitting a slide after deployment required a lot of manual effort.

For over engineered complexity, the ATP rear doors took some beating. Think of the locking mechanism as being similar to the Isle of Man national symbol, only with four legs for the shoot bolts...all of which were prone to freezing and hence couldn't always be opened on the ground and certainly not in a hurry.
I have a soft spot for the old Boeing aircraft "swing in and plug out" type doors such as on the 74. When I started in aviation the challenge for some of the smaller CC was opening the forward passenger door on a 73 with the door simulator in "automatic (that'll give away the airline) mode". No power assist and an already fairly heavy thing made for some red faces. Often as the only "bloke" in the cabin the Purser would have me come and open to save their backs.

The weight with bustle of a 74 door must have been astounding however as crew I never noticed due to the excellent engineering. When I moved from Cabin to flight deck it was predominantly on the airbus fleet and simplicity did carry over with only the 380 having had power assist opening. Which we deactivated after a month in operation I think.

The 76 was a very "crew friendly" aircraft so I have no bad words for it, but I found the few times I was on one the door opening function was INOP and so was always being operated manually.

I wonder if this, along with your experiences of slide packing was a reason the design hasn't been revisited by Boeing since.
 
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