First thing I thought when I saw this thread was essentially generalising this
And the Settle - Carlisle wouldn't exist. Due to health and or safety. In fact, you can say that of almost most of our railways.
Especially the bold bit.
I recall watching one of James May's programmes and looking at imagine if we didn't have cars now, would H&S ever allow it, riding along at up to (theoretically) 70mph in tin tubes with the potential for serious injuries or worse should two (or more) meet.
I guess you could say similar about the railways, especially with the speeds they travel at. Yes, it is a fairly safe way to travel but imagine if it were proposed now - it would give H&S palpitations imagining how badly it could go wrong!
Likewise with Underground travel - London wouldn't be what it is now without it (however much it is loathed) but to propose something now, again, wouldn't get past the planning stages.
That said, I think it may partly come down to modern working conditions as well and back in the 19th century when railways and underground systems started appearing, potentially losing ones life was a risk of the job and it happened so of course things have improved for the better. On the flip side again though, if we were just starting from scratch, look how long it would take just to do a single line, let alone the entire country. For one reason or another, everything nowadays takes so much longer (including years and years of planning/surveying)