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Water and gas storage infrastructure

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najaB

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Did the UK or Europe know there was going to be a war?

mods note - split from here.

Regardless of a war or not, closing the majority of our gas storage and relying on 'just in time' delivery was a poor decision. It was rightly criticised at the time even without a war on the horizon.
 
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JamesT

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Regardless of a war or not, closing the majority of our gas storage and relying on 'just in time' delivery was a poor decision. It was rightly criticised at the time even without a war on the horizon.
Though it wasn’t simply a matter of the government choosing to close Rough. Centrica, the owners, had determined that it wasn’t commercially viable. Storage facilities work on the difference between summer and winter prices, which in 2017 had narrowed with no long-term sign it would change. The fabric has also been degrading and needed billions in repairs. Presumably if the government had provided the funding as requested that would have gone on all our bills since then?
 

najaB

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The fabric has also been degrading and needed billions in repairs. Presumably if the government had provided the funding as requested that would have gone on all our bills since then?
Yet, strangely, it is fixable now. Using more of our less valuable 2022 pounds than a smaller number of more valuable 2017 pounds.
 

REVUpminster

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Regardless of a war or not, closing the majority of our gas storage and relying on 'just in time' delivery was a poor decision. It was rightly criticised at the time even without a war on the horizon.
Everything was done on just in time. The situation now is we are self sufficient in gas from the north sea and liquid gas because of our refining capacity. It's Europe that does not have the gas or refining capacity for liquid gas. Liz Truss is in a strong position regarding negotiating international treaties with the EU; or will the EU ditch Ukraine to keep Ireland happy?
 

najaB

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Everything was done on just in time. The situation now is we are self sufficient in gas from the north sea and liquid gas because of our refining capacity.

The UK imports around 50% of its gas from the international market and most homes in England and Wales are heated by mains gas supply. Gas is also used to fuel around a third of the UK's electricity generation, so rising gas prices will usually lead to rising electricity prices.

You have a different definition of 'self-sufficient' than I do.
 

Broucek

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Though it wasn’t simply a matter of the government choosing to close Rough. Centrica, the owners, had determined that it wasn’t commercially viable. Storage facilities work on the difference between summer and winter prices, which in 2017 had narrowed with no long-term sign it would change. The fabric has also been degrading and needed billions in repairs. Presumably if the government had provided the funding as requested that would have gone on all our bills since then?
Agreed. It looks obvious in hindsight but a) hindsight is a wonderful thing; and b) we should, to James' point be cautious about simplistic headlines that lose all nuance, We also need to remember that government is constantly besieged by requests from voters, industries and interest groups to spend money. It can't be easy to decide where to spend!

Finally, in 2017, ESG meant "environmental, social and governance" whereas in 2022 it means "energy security and guns"
 

najaB

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Agreed. It looks obvious in hindsight but a) hindsight is a wonderful thing; and b) we should, to James' point be cautious about simplistic headlines that lose all nuance, We also need to remember that government is constantly besieged by requests from voters, industries and interest groups to spend money. It can't be easy to decide where to spend!
That is true. However, one of the roles of government is to invest in critical infrastructure where it doesn't make sense for industry to spend on a purely commercial basis. (And, this goes back to the question of if utilities should be in private ownership in the first place).
 
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brad465

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Though it wasn’t simply a matter of the government choosing to close Rough. Centrica, the owners, had determined that it wasn’t commercially viable. Storage facilities work on the difference between summer and winter prices, which in 2017 had narrowed with no long-term sign it would change. The fabric has also been degrading and needed billions in repairs. Presumably if the government had provided the funding as requested that would have gone on all our bills since then?
It's not commercially viable for water companies to fix most leaks and treat sewage properly, despite how essential water is for the environment and our health. There are certain things "the market" cannot be allowed to handle, because when it goes wrong, it goes wrong badly without intervention (i.e. taxpayer bailouts).
 

JamesT

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It's not commercially viable for water companies to fix most leaks and treat sewage properly, despite how essential water is for the environment and our health. There are certain things "the market" cannot be allowed to handle, because when it goes wrong, it goes wrong badly without intervention (i.e. taxpayer bailouts).
Given the water company profits that most seem to be moaning about, it clearly is commercially viable. In the privatised era we also have higher investment and fewer leaks than before. Scottish Water leaks more than England & Wales on average (38% vs. 20%) and given how poor their monitoring is, it's far from clear that Scotland is any better when it comes to managing sewage.
 

Broucek

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Given the water company profits that most seem to be moaning about, it clearly is commercially viable. In the privatised era we also have higher investment and fewer leaks than before. Scottish Water leaks more than England & Wales on average (38% vs. 20%) and given how poor their monitoring is, it's far from clear that Scotland is any better when it comes to managing sewage.
For those who don't know the industry well, the point is that Scottish Water is public sector....
 

brad465

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Given the water company profits that most seem to be moaning about, it clearly is commercially viable. In the privatised era we also have higher investment and fewer leaks than before. Scottish Water leaks more than England & Wales on average (38% vs. 20%) and given how poor their monitoring is, it's far from clear that Scotland is any better when it comes to managing sewage.
While I could go on a lot longer about this, as this is now irrelevant to this thread it'll have to wait.

Did the UK or Europe know there was going to be a war? Should some of the EU members become so dependent on gas from Russia although some were getting it cheap to the benefit of their economies. Putin played a blinder.
There's no question certain EU members relying on Russia for gas was stupid, but there were things we and other countries not so reliant could have done to help them come round to that. For example, while in the EU (and we were when Crimea was annexed and NS2 approved) we should have called the reliance out more and offered proposals to help avert the apparent dependence. Maybe we could have offered to help Germany build LNG terminals back then, or helped push for a renewable investment fund, and/or come up with more credible arguments to counter the anti-nuclear lobby better in the eyes of the German Government at the time.

As we are affected by those states' behaviour/dependencies it was/is in our interest to help them move on accordingly. But of course it's much easier to just throw petty blame at them as if that will solve things.
 

birchesgreen

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Did the UK or Europe know there was going to be a war? Should some of the EU members become so dependent on gas from Russia although some were getting it cheap to the benefit of their economies. Putin played a blinder.
Well it was closed 3 years after Russia invaded Crimea.
 

Yew

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Given the water company profits that most seem to be moaning about, it clearly is commercially viable. In the privatised era we also have higher investment and fewer leaks than before. Scottish Water leaks more than England & Wales on average (38% vs. 20%) and given how poor their monitoring is, it's far from clear that Scotland is any better when it comes to managing sewage.
It's worth remembering that per-house, scottish water must provide a higher mileage of piping due to the lower population density.

Furthermore, leaks are an issue if you have limited supply, if you are less limited (such as say, a famously rainy country full of freshwater lochs) it is less important.
 

takno

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It's worth remembering that per-house, scottish water must provide a higher mileage of piping due to the lower population density.

Furthermore, leaks are an issue if you have limited supply, if you are less limited (such as say, a famously rainy country full of freshwater lochs) it is less important.
I mean even though as a central belt resident I'm paying a significant subsidy to cover the cost of supplying the Highlands, I'm still paying a great deal less than I ever did in England for a flawless service. I guess some people can't bear to see the the public sector or Scotland succeed at anything
 

KendalR

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I mean even though as a central belt resident I'm paying a significant subsidy to cover the cost of supplying the Highlands, I'm still paying a great deal less than I ever did in England for a flawless service. I guess some people can't bear to see the the public sector or Scotland succeed at anything
I think it's a national disgrace water was ever privatised in England.

How can English water companies who all have a complete monopoly with no other choice for consumers be allowed to pay dividends of over £1 billion in the last year alone. At least Welsh Water is not-for-profit.
 

tomuk

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At least Welsh Water is not-for-profit.
Well it still paid over £100m in 'interest' payments to 'bondholders' that's getting on for 14% of it's revenue.
Is that better than paying out 'dividends' to 'shareholders'?
 

najaB

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Well it still paid over £100m in 'interest' payments to 'bondholders' that's getting on for 14% of it's revenue.
Is that better than paying out 'dividends' to 'shareholders'?
It is since bond payments are fixed and not linked to profit. So as long as the business is generating enough revenue to cover the bond payments there is zero impetus to make any more.
 

HSTEd

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Ultimately the high capital charges found in the private sector militate against provision of 'just in case' infrastructure.
 

tomuk

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It is since bond payments are fixed and not linked to profit. So as long as the business is generating enough revenue to cover the bond payments there is zero impetus to make any more.
How is that better? The company unless it defaults has to continue bond payments even if it isn't generating revenue. You don't need to keep making dividend payments.
Just glancing at Severn Trent their gross profit is 9.5% and dividend yield 3.66%. Seems like if you want to be a fat cat you invest in Welsh Water bonds rather than STW shares.
 

najaB

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How is that better? The company unless it defaults has to continue bond payments even if it isn't generating revenue. You don't need to keep making dividend payments.
But the company didn't sell bonds for kicks and giggles, it was to raise capital which - all things being equal - they will use to either increase revenue or lower costs.
 

Baxenden Bank

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I've never been comfortable with 'just-in-time' anything. I'd much rather have a more robust system with spare capacity built in. The question is how much spare capacity and at what additional cost. The costs now being faced to deal with the energy price explosion will, I guess, exceed the savings made over the past few years by 'clever' beancounters trimming, trimming, trimming.

Short-sightedness seems to be the new national condition. It'll be alright on the night.

I would say water for drinking and energy for heating in winter are essential supplies which should never fail.* We are not a third world country with massive debt problems preventing investment in infrastructure (yet).

*Incidents will occur and there should be contingencies in place - water tankers, bottled supplies, duplicate routes for power lines, mobile substations etc.
 

tomuk

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But the company didn't sell bonds for kicks and giggles, it was to raise capital which - all things being equal - they will use to either increase revenue or lower costs.
Just like a company may issue shares.
 

najaB

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Just like a company may issue shares.
Indeed. But there are differences between shares and bonds. Without getting too far into the weeds (where I would get lost!) shares are, compared to bonds, high-risk, high return instruments which are issued with the promise of returns in the form of dividends - which depend on the company making a profit, and the larger the profit the higher the dividend. They attract investors looking for a shorter-term gain and the board has an incentive to maximise those returns as a shareholder revolt can lead to them being replaced.

Bonds, on the other hand, are low-risk, low return instruments that promise nothing more than a fixed rate of return. There is zero incentive for the board to make more profit than is enough to service the debt - they're effectively the same taking a loan, except that the terms are (typically) better than the rates they would get for a loan on the open market.

I could be wrong, but I also believe that bond owners aren't buying equity in the company.
 

tomuk

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Indeed. But there are differences between shares and bonds. Without getting too far into the weeds (where I would get lost!) shares are, compared to bonds, high-risk, high return instruments which are issued with the promise of returns in the form of dividends - which depend on the company making a profit, and the larger the profit the higher the dividend.
No higher profit doesn't necessarily mean a higher dividend. You have to make a profit to pay a dividend but what level that dividend is completely arbitrary. The company could retain the profit, invest in the business, buy back shares or pay off debt instead of increasing the dividend.
They attract investors looking for a shorter-term gain and the board has an incentive to maximise those returns as a shareholder revolt can lead to them being replaced.

Bonds, on the other hand, are low-risk, low return instruments that promise nothing more than a fixed rate of return. There is zero incentive for the board to make more profit than is enough to service the debt - they're effectively the same taking a loan, except that the terms are (typically) better than the rates they would get for a loan on the open market.

I could be wrong, but I also believe that bond owners aren't buying equity in the company.
Bond holders don't buy equity in the company but in case of a company default bonds rank higher than shareholders.

Again looking at the case of Welsh Water at 14% the bonds don't look like low return compared to the 3.6% dividend to Shareholders at Severn Trent.
 

najaB

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Again looking at the case of Welsh Water at 14% the bonds don't look like low return compared to the 3.6% dividend to Shareholders at Severn Trent.
I think you might not be comparing apples with apples. 14% of revenue paid out to bond holders is not the same thing as 14% return on investment.

As I noted above, there's zero incentive for management to try maximise profits above that which is necessary to pay the bond holders, so they may well pay a large percentage of revenue to service their debt.

No higher profit doesn't necessarily mean a higher dividend. You have to make a profit to pay a dividend but what level that dividend is completely arbitrary.
Indeed, there is no obligation to pay a dividend, however investors generally will - all things being equal - prefer to buy stock in a company which pays dividends over one that does not.
 
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