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A couple of near ones from Sweden: Nykvarn translates as New Mill, unfortunately singular. Insjön means The Lake: definite, but singular. There is also Dingle.
There are in fact two - one in Sydney and one in Melbourne.
It feels like a cheating a bit given how many names from "home" were re-used in Australia, but here's a pile of direct matches anyway:
Melbourne Suburban:
Hampton
Armadale
Seaford
Berwick
South Kensington
Newport
St Albans
Sunbury
Newmarket
Brunswick
Fairfield
Eltham
Preston
Richmond
Chatham
Blackburn
Upwey
Victoria outside Melbourne:
Huntly
Epsom
Melton
Winchelsea
Broadford
Sale
Stratford
Sydney Suburban:
Richmond
Kingswood
Fairfield
Guildford
Padstow
Ashfield
Lewisham
Stanmore
Newtown
Sydenham
St Peters
Carlton
Kings Cross
Sydney Intercity:
Aberdeen
High Street
Hexham
Newcastle (recently converted to light rail, though)
Scarborough
Blackheath
NSW Regional
Gloucester
Tamworth
Wellington
There are more on the Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth suburban systems but I need a break now
There's an Ilford and a Wivenhoe in the wilds of northern Manitoba -- see pp. 31 and 32 (the 18th and 19th pages of the pdf) at https://www.viarail.ca/sites/all/files/media/pdfs/schedules/VIARail_Timetable_TEMP.pdf. There's a request stop called Dyce on the same line. Elsewhere on VIA Rail you find Chatham, Chelmsford, Esher, Grimsby, Kingston, Malton, Stratford, Sudbury and Windsor, all in Ontario; Truro, Nova Scotia; and Dunster and Hope, BC. (London, Aldershot and Halifax have already been mentioned).
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On the Metrolink system in St Louis, Missouri, USA there is Shrewsbury, Swansea and Brentwood.
The Long Island Rail Road in New York has a Kew Gardens station
The Metro North Railroad terminates at Grand Central station, which is also a stop on the West Midlands metro.
The Brown Line of the Chicago subway has Montrose, Belmont and Southport
The METRA system in Chicago has Elgin
Amtrak has several examples - Rugby (North Dakota), Richmond (Virginia), Flint(Michigan), Lancaster (Pennsylvania), Temple(Texas), Rochester (New York), St Albans (Vermont) and Kirkwood (Missouri)
A lot of thes names reflect the fact that settlers from England, Scotland and Wales emigrated to the United States.
When I lived in Malvern, Worcestershire, I had to look up Malvern (suburban Melbourne) while on a trip there, and I used the station on a visit a few years ago.
Doesn't have the same feel as our Malvern Link/Great Malvern though, and is in an urban area devoid of scenery.
On the first trip I also went to South Africa and found a Malvern on the Johannesburg local map, but never looked it up - it's next to Kensington in one direction and the old Doornfontein gold mine in the other, so also quite unlike rural Worcestershire.
Johannesburg Airport (O R Tambo) is often referred to as "Kempton Park" by the locals, as that is where it was built.
Kempton Park town is just north/west of the airport.
I can't work out if there is a modern Kempton Park railway station*; the Gautrain station just outside the airport terminal is called (for now!) Rhodesfield.
It turns out Kempton Park is not named after the racecourse near Sunbury, but after the original farmer of the land who was from Kempten, Bavaria.
There are Paddington and King's Cross suburbs in Sydney, but only King's Cross has a station of its name.
And then every Russian empire station is a "Voksal", allegedly named after Vauxhall in London where the Russians supposedly discovered railways.
* actually there is, on Metrorail, and called Kemptonpark.
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Euston in London is named after the small village of Euston in Suffolk.
The Earl of Euston (a subsidiary title of the Duke of Grafton) owned the land on which Stephenson's railway station was built.
He was also Viscount Ipswich and Baron Sudbury so maybe we got the best name.
As is Bosphorus, but there is unfortunately no station in Turkey of that name, even though the railway now goes under that important sea lane with Europe on one side & Asia on the other.
There's a Hastings on the Stony Point line in Victoria, Australia and formerly there was one in New Zealand too, but that closed in 2001.
As for America, there's a Hastings in Nebraska served daily by Amtrak's California Zephyr, although that's named for a Colonel Hastings of the St. Joseph and Grand Island Railway rather than the English town, with a Hastings-on-Hudson in New York that is served by the Metro-North Railroad. There was also formerly a Hastings on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's commuter rail network, but that looks to have closed last December due to low ridership and accessibility issues.
There's a Sao Joao on the Lisbon suburban network which pretty much means St Johns. Not sure if they also have a sign up translating as "Not calling at St Johns" (One for the South Eastern oldies...)
There's been a thread somewhat akin to this one, about a year ago, in "General Discusssion" -- commencing 23 / 4 / 2020: TRIVIA -- Places in the UK with a namesake (or similar sounding place name) in mainland Europe. (I'm afraid I'm useless at doing links to "Forums" threads; and [see below] am not equipped to do foreign accents on letters.)
That thread was about places in general, not necessarily ones with a railway station; and only exact or fairly near-so, likenesses in sound or spelling -- no translations between dissimilar words in different languages. A goodly number of items submitted in the thread were rail-station-related, however. My own favourite, which I posted in that thread, is a rail-station-or-halt "threesome" -- all pronounced alike or nearly so -- to wit: Ash (Surrey); Asch (Ulm, Germany, light rail system); and As [little v-shaped accent over the s], at the westernmost extremity of the Czech Republic.
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