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Timetable Changes for the Decarbonisation Agenda

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Starmill

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Covid-19 is likely to result in a reorganisation of timetables, and there is likely to be some retrenchment. At present, nobody wants to admit this because we're still in 'emergency mode' and because it would be bad politics, but the reality is that there will be either a greater or lesser degree of changes made. It is unlikely that large changes can be made in time for December 2020 and I understand time is running out now for a wholesale change in May 2021. We can discuss more widely the economic impact on the future of timetables in a dedicated thread. We could also discuss opportunities for cost savings in another dedicated thread. I suggest that we proceed on the basis that that Treasury is happy to continue paying the current level of subsidy for a couple of years for the sake of the debate, but this is highly unlikely.

The question I seek to pose in this thread is this: where might timetables change to get better value for carbon on our existing resources? So for example where can current services be reorganised so that carbon emissions per passenger km fall without requiring extra resources to what has already been committed?

Clearly this will be a politically sensitive subject but I would ask everyone to suspend their disbelief and accept that all options are on the table now. This is, after all, the Speculative Ideas forum.

I will make two opening gambits to give people the flavour of discussion.

There’s currently an hourly path between Manchester Airport and Lancaster via Wigan North Western that's only used by DMUs, often three car sets. These services to Barrow-in-Furness or Windermere could be cut in two at Lancaster and DMU connections provided. Class 319s, which may be able to operate in 8 car, would be available as Northern's sre going off lease. There would be a downgrade of rolling stock involved and inconvenience from having to change trains, but the benefits are significant in terms of carbon emissions. It may allow a slight improvement to the timetabling of the Windermere services if they don't need to run through beyond Lancaster. I would be interested to know if a standard path from Windermere to Lancaster can be found in every hour. This would actually represent a slight improvement to the service if so. It's unclear if there's platform capacity at Lancaster to turn around an 8 car every hour though.

Another case is that the only fast service between Southampton and Portsmouth is provided by DMUs which run to Cardiff. It's unclear if it's possible to turn these around at Southampton Central or possibly Eastleigh instead, but replacing them with a DC EMU operated semi-fast service would again offer significantly more capacity and cut carbon emissions per passenger km. Of course, there's already a proposal to do just this with a new SWR service.

In both cases it's likely that some long distance passengers would be lost, because they're unwilling to change trains. However, the possible efficiency gains are significant enough that it may be possible to offset those losses with more passengers making a shorter journey. As Covid-19 has likely significantly reduced long distance traffic for some years a similar proportion of loss now represents less absolute value.

Another way to look at this is this: perhaps rail as a mode is now more suited to transporting larger numbers of people between Preston and Manchester, or between Southampton and Portsmouth, than transporting a comparatively very small number of people between Manchester Airport and Barrow-in-Furness or Cardiff and Portsmouth?
 
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The Planner

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Covid-19 is likely to result in a reorganisation of timetables, and there is likely to be some retrenchment. At present, nobody wants to admit this because we're still in 'emergency mode' and because it would be bad politics, but the reality is that there will be either a greater or lesser degree of changes made. It is unlikely that large changes can be made in time for December 2020 and I understand time is running out now for a wholesale change in May 2021. We can discuss more widely the economic impact on the future of timetables in a dedicated thread. We could also discuss opportunities for cost savings in another dedicated thread. I suggest that we proceed on the basis that that Treasury is happy to continue paying the current level of subsidy for a couple of years for the sake of the debate, but this is highly unlikely.

The question I seek to pose in this thread is this: where might timetables change to get better value for carbon on our existing resources? So for example where can current services be reorganised so that carbon emissions per passenger km fall without requiring extra resources to what has already been committed?

Clearly this will be a politically sensitive subject but I would ask everyone to suspend their disbelief and accept that all options are on the table now. This is, after all, the Speculative Ideas forum.
Technically no changes can be made for Dec 20 as we have offered it already. May 21 gets offered in November with bids coming in by 21st August meaning a reduced amount of time for NR to spin the timetable (down to 12 weeks from the normal 14). May 21 has to try and get in all the deferred changes that haven't made it in so far. Dec 21 is the earliest you could get a "large" change in and I really wouldn't expect any substantial changes led by decarbonisation or COVID19. Even if you wanted to you would need to be looking at it now and to some extent you may already be behind the curve. You would also have to consider the risks being imported by doing such things, DMU/EMUs are still going to require maintaining at their current locations, performance issues by splitting services etc...
 

Starmill

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I really wouldn't expect any substantial changes led by decarbonisation
I agree there will not actually be any changes for the benefit of decarbonisation. It seems extremely unlikely that any serious rail decarbonisation will actually be achieved within a decade or so (by which time it may already be too late). But I was asking people to consider if there should be. The rest of your post seems to align with my thinking. As for Covid-19 the government will probably require big cuts in OpEx sooner rather than later, if it becomes clear that the fares revenue just isn't coming back. That cannot be achieved without changing the timetable, even if it's straight withdrawals. But if someone wants to debate that I'd recommend a new thread.
 
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Anvil1984

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I think one of the forums favourites for the North East which may raise its head is Newcastle - Morpeth / Chathill. For a couple of years its been attached to the Newcastle to Carlisles but is being detached and looks to be standalone come this December. However still not sadly possible as the reversing sidings aren't wired and currently not possible to reverse in the loops due to signalling (can't access Up loop from Down Platform, Cant access Up Platform from Down Loop and next crossover too far and will interfere with other trains quite badly)
 

yorksrob

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I think rail de-carbonisation will more likely come about through electrifrication, rather than splitting services.

I'm not sure I agree with the premise that rail will somehow become more suited to transporting large numbers of passengers between Manchester and Preston, as opposed to smaller numbers between Manchester Airport and Barrow. The reasons people need to travel by rail for a given journey are unlikely to change, although there may be fewer of them for some flows. Barrow will still need good links to the rest of the country - even more so, given the likely economic fall-out. It's the bulk commuter flows which will likely be comparatively smaller, and therefore less of a priority.
 

Kingspanner

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I think one of the forums favourites for the North East which may raise its head is Newcastle - Morpeth / Chathill. For a couple of years its been attached to the Newcastle to Carlisles but is being detached and looks to be standalone come this December. However still not sadly possible as the reversing sidings aren't wired and currently not possible to reverse in the loops due to signalling (can't access Up loop from Down Platform, Cant access Up Platform from Down Loop and next crossover too far and will interfere with other trains quite badly)
These services should be Newcastle-Berwick and provided by EMU. If the overriding goal is decarbonisation then revenue abstraction is not an objection.
Here's an idea that will raise blood pressure, but the overriding ...etc. Reduce the maximum allowed speed from 125 to 110mph reducing energy consumption by more than a quarter. At the same time work to remove short speed restrictions so that energy is not wasted slowing down and accelerating. This is why I complained about the tsr at Stockton Cut Junction that was in place for over a year forcing 100% diesel services to slow from 50 down to 20 for a matter of yards then battle back to line speed just in time to stop at Thornaby.
Don't worry about competition with cheap internal flights, if the objective is decarbonisation stop subsidising aviation fuel.
 

Starmill

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I think rail de-carbonisation will more likely come about through electrifrication, rather than splitting services.
In England, the only pieces of electrification that are beyond the realm of speculation are Church Fenton to York, Leeds to Huddersfield and Kettering to Market Harborough I think? Wales and Scotland have taken different approaches which will allow wholesale conversion, but in England any such ideas are still some way off. Have I missed any English proposals that are going ahead? These three offer very thin electric train km. So the question is how can we decarbonise within the scope of those three ideas, plus existing infrastructure.
 

Starmill

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These services should be Newcastle-Berwick and provided by EMU. If the overriding goal is decarbonisation then revenue abstraction is not an objection.
Here's an idea that will raise blood pressure, but the overriding ...etc. Reduce the maximum allowed speed from 125 to 110mph reducing energy consumption by more than a quarter. At the same time work to remove short speed restrictions so that energy is not wasted slowing down and accelerating. This is why I complained about the tsr at Stockton Cut Junction that was in place for over a year forcing 100% diesel services to slow from 50 down to 20 for a matter of yards then battle back to line speed just in time to stop at Thornaby.
Don't worry about competition with cheap internal flights, if the objective is decarbonisation stop subsidising aviation fuel.
This is a genuinely fascinating point. Could we put a bit of extra journey time into some long-distance services to save fuel? The capability to run at 125 could be maintained and exploited to make up time but timing speeds could be reduced to 110 on certain sections to trial fuel saving. Is the current technology suitable for this from a driver advisory perspective? This would put downwards pressure on costs too as well as carbon.
 

37424

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Not sure why you need to bring 319's into the Northern equation, Northern allegidly hasn't been allocated all the spare 323's that are available, plus the 331 order was done the basis of Windermere being electrified so I'm sure they work something out without resorting to 319's if 'Starmills' suggestion was taken up. The Northern review talks about less but longer trains through the problem corridor so perhaps those through trains could be cut back anyway.

I'm not sure there will be a big push to really change the timetable just to support decarbonisation, in any case in the grand scheme of things how much of a difference does it make on these fairly short runs anyway, compared to benefits of say not running HST's up and down the ECML.

I think a bigger push would be cost if it became much more expensive to operate diesel.

I'm not sure about reducing the speed of some routes, if your going to use that argument then maybe we should reduce HS2 to 125mph.
 
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HSTEd

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Don't worry about competition with cheap internal flights, if the objective is decarbonisation stop subsidising aviation fuel.

If you mean "tax aviation fuel" by "stop subsidising aviation fuel" - good luck getting international treaty agreement to that.
Aviation fuel is tax exempt by treaty.
 

yorksrob

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In England, the only pieces of electrification that are beyond the realm of speculation are Church Fenton to York, Leeds to Huddersfield and Kettering to Market Harborough I think? Wales and Scotland have taken different approaches which will allow wholesale conversion, but in England any such ideas are still some way off. Have I missed any English proposals that are going ahead? These three offer very thin electric train km. So the question is how can we decarbonise within the scope of those three ideas, plus existing infrastructure.

I think that so long as the overall operation is de-carbonising, individual services under the wires will be less important in the short term, particularly if splitting them would be to the detriment of offering the right product to passengers for the post-COVID period. The electricity grid should continue to de-carbonise, and things like swapping to electric freight locos en route etc would be worth doing. These would be keeping things moving in the right direction on a network wide basis. However, I think as far as the passenger market is concerned, there will be a re-orientation away from shorter, frequent journeys and journeys which people are forced to do, towards fewer longer journeys and leisure journeys. In this context, something like Manchester to Barrow will be very marketable - there's a development need at the Barrow end and leisure opportunities along the South Cumbrian coast, so this through service is definitely one to develop.

Short electrification infills are still the best option for eliminating diesel under the wires but maybe some battery hybrids or some such might be worthwhile.
 

yorksrob

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I think one of the forums favourites for the North East which may raise its head is Newcastle - Morpeth / Chathill. For a couple of years its been attached to the Newcastle to Carlisles but is being detached and looks to be standalone come this December. However still not sadly possible as the reversing sidings aren't wired and currently not possible to reverse in the loops due to signalling (can't access Up loop from Down Platform, Cant access Up Platform from Down Loop and next crossover too far and will interfere with other trains quite badly)

That's definitely a worthwhile quick win.

Do they still run 158's on the Lymington branch ? That's another one which should go electric.
 

Starmill

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If you mean "tax aviation fuel" by "stop subsidising aviation fuel" - good luck getting international treaty agreement to that.
Aviation fuel is tax exempt by treaty.
This isn't quite true because that's specifically about the fuel which is in the aircraft already when it arrives in the country. I'd suggest that a new thread is needed for that discussion though. It's wholesale possible to regulate and tax domestic flights out of the market within current international treaties without difficulty so we can rely on those assumptions in the Speculative Ideas forum.
 

Starmill

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Northern allegidly hasn't been allocated all the spare 323's that are available
I understand there are 7 WMT ones due to go off lease yes.
The Northern review talks about less but longer trains through the problem corridor so perhaps those through trains could be cut back anyway.
It is true that it may now be possible to just withdraw Barrow-in-Furness / Windermere to Manchester Airport services between Preston and Manchester Airport. That would certainly improve performance and save a very significant amount of diesel. There are lots of alternative electric services south from Preston. That goes further than what I was thinking though.
I'm not sure about reducing the speed of some routes, if your going to use that argument then maybe we should reduce HS2 to 125mph.
I think in ten years time when HS2 services begin we had probably better have a much more decarbonised grid. These ideas are for now.
 

tbtc

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I think that this is a good idea and one that we have a "once in a generation" opportunity to implement.

IMHO if you were looking at the network as one integrated service there are a few places it'd be better to provide the "branch" with an improved frequency (and connections onto the main line).

But we have a culture of through trains, hence the mess of services trying to cram through some bottle-necks. The "once a year" leisure passenger doing a journey like Newcastle - Manchester Airport or Liverpool - Norwich or Edinburgh - Plymouth seems to matter a lot more than the the larger numbers of people doing everyday journeys over the core sections of those routes.

SO if you assume that we are stuck with the electrification map that we currently have (with all of those annoying bits of penny pinching - Morpeth being a great example!) I'd suggest a few areas where you could improve the carbon situation (on top of the OP's valid comments about Portsmouth/ Windermere):

1. Manchester - Birmingham. There's some demand for through services towards Oxford/ Bournemouth/ Bristol/ Exeter etc but I think it'd be a better use of resources if we ran (eight coach) EMUs on the majority of services north of Manchester - you could retain a through train every few hours if need be so that there's always one Voyager north of Birmingham
2. Skipton - Leeds. Too many short DMUs taking scarce paths down the Aire Valley. Could we reduce that to a bi-hourly path south of Skipton (and either have the Morecambe service portion working with the Carlisle one or just terminate some services at Skipton to connect with the frequent EMUs)
3. Sunderland - York. You could provide a clock face bi-hourly service with just two units, leaving paths under the wires south of York to electric trains. That'd mean more journey opportunities from Wearside to Leeds/ Manchester/ Birmingham/ London whilst removing polluting diesels at the London end of the current route (obviously this is assuming that Grand Central continue operating)
 

Starmill

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2. Skipton - Leeds. Too many short DMUs taking scarce paths down the Aire Valley. Could we reduce that to a bi-hourly path south of Skipton (and either have the Morecambe service portion working with the Carlisle one or just terminate some services at Skipton to connect with the frequent EMUs)
I certainly think there are huge benefits in cutting all DMU services back to Skipton - in particular if this would be able to eliminate 75 miles/hour running and standardise an EMU semi-fast (assuming we can find the rolling stock) in 35 min every hour (rather than only in a selection of random hours and with a 2 car DMU). I would have started off with this suggestion but it's an old favourite on here along with Morpeth so I wanted to bring something new in. I'm definitely in support of developing both ideas though.
 

37424

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I certainly think there are huge benefits in cutting all DMU services back to Skipton - in particular if this would be able to eliminate 75 miles/hour running and standardise an EMU semi-fast (assuming we can find the rolling stock) in 35 min every hour (rather than only in a selection of random hours and with a 2 car DMU). I would have started off with this suggestion but it's an old favourite on here along with Morpeth so I wanted to bring something new in. I'm definitely in support of developing both ideas though.
But then from my experience of using this service for both Carlisle and Lancaster I would say a substancial number of customer using the service come from Leeds and beyond as well stations before Skipton. So your having a day trip in the S&C from say Sheffield do you really want to change trains at both Leeds and Skipton. Last train I had over the S&C was a trip from Leeds to Glasgow, in which case do I really want a journey which involves a local to Skipton then change and then change again at Carlisle, its a good incentive to reduce ticket sales in my view you have to balance this with where the significant demand is.
 
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yorksrob

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But then from my experience of using this service for both Carlisle and Lancaster I would say a substancial number of customer using the service come from Leeds and beyond as well stations before Skipton. So your having a day trip in the S&C from say Sheffield do you really want to change trains at both Leeds and Skipton. Last train I had over the S&C was a trip from Leeds to Glasgow, in which case do I really want a journey which involves a local to Skipton then change and then change again at Carlisle, its a good incentive to reduce ticket sales in my view you have to balance this with where the significant demand is.

I agree with this point. These passenger flows are likely to be amongst the more resilient in the longer term, so long as people aren't put off by unnecessary changes.
 

Starmill

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But then from my experience of using this service for both Carlisle and Lancaster I would say a substancial number of customer using the service come from Leeds and beyond as well stations before Skipton. So your having a day trip in the S&C from say Sheffield do you really want to change trains at both Leeds and Skipton. Last train I had over the S&C was a trip from Leeds to Glasgow, in which case do I really want a journey which involves a local to Skipton then change and then change again at Carlisle, its a good incentive to reduce ticket sales in my view you have to balance this with where the significant demand is.
I don't think it would ever be claimed there's no cost to imposing a change. It's a question of how much that is set against the benefits of 3tph all day between Leeds and Skipton with 1tph semi-fast, plus saved fuel. Those are near certainly larger benefits. It's for political reasons that the through trains run. Leeds to Glasgow isn't relevant to introduction of changes at Skipton because anyone who objects to changing at Skipton would be equally unhappy with the change at Carlisle. I also think that the main clientèle of enthusiasts, hill-walkers and day trippers are much more willing to change than business travellers or commuters, few of whom use the route.
 

Ianno87

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I'm not sure about reducing the speed of some routes, if your going to use that argument then maybe we should reduce HS2 to 125mph.

Which then reqires more trains (more energy), more/bigger depots (more energy) and less effective in abstracting from air and rail (more energy)
 

Bevan Price

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If paths can be found, I would suggest that the Newcastle to Morpeth/Chathill services should be transferred to Scotrail. with at least some of the trains continuing as semi-fasts to Edinburgh, and everything operated by Scotrail emus. (This would avoid having to base just a handful of Northern emus in the Newcastle area - at least until lines like Saltburn & Bishop Auckland get electrified. )
 

Starmill

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If paths can be found, I would suggest that the Newcastle to Morpeth/Chathill services should be transferred to Scotrail. with at least some of the trains continuing as semi-fasts to Edinburgh, and everything operated by Scotrail emus. (This would avoid having to base just a handful of Northern emus in the Newcastle area - at least until lines like Saltburn & Bishop Auckland get electrified. )
That is quite a novel idea actually. I suppose Northern could hire a couple of Edinburgh-based EMUs daily if there are enough to go around.

Another idea for these services is that they could just be withdrawn completely. That would certainly deal with the problem easily, and the TransPennine Express services can all call at Cramlington. Unfortunately that would leave Manors bereft, but perhaps that's not such a problem.

Similarly the DMUs that just shuttle between Manchester Victoria and Stalybridge could just be withdrawn permemently all for the price of one of the TPE services calling at Ashton-under-Lyne.
 

37424

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I don't think it would ever be claimed there's no cost to imposing a change. It's a question of how much that is set against the benefits of 3tph all day between Leeds and Skipton with 1tph semi-fast, plus saved fuel. Those are near certainly larger benefits. It's for political reasons that the through trains run. Leeds to Glasgow isn't relevant to introduction of changes at Skipton because anyone who objects to changing at Skipton would be equally unhappy with the change at Carlisle. I also think that the main clientèle of enthusiasts, hill-walkers and day trippers are much more willing to change than business travellers or commuters, few of whom use the route.
I would have to strongly disagree with that there are some through services where probably the demand isn't that great and others where its more for operational convenience of the railway. However Leeds is a major city, major commuting destination and a major transport hub for connecting services and once you start adding more changes with more potential knock on effects of delayed and cancelled connections and increased journey time I suspect many will loose interest and Leeds is too much of a major destination to ignore. Your saying that reducing decarbonisation overrides potentially substancial inconvenience to fairly major traffic flows.

I guess with your idea's then if say Huddersfield to Leeds gets electrified first does that mean that most of the through TPE services except maybe the Bi-modes are going to get cancelled in favour of a Leeds-Huddersfield shuttle where you will have to change to go to Manchester

Last time I was on a Morecombe train in fact travelling from Leeds I was going to the Cumbrian coast by changing at Carnforth and then Barrow. but 2 elderly couples who were doing the same thing said they were carrying onto Lancaster to get the later train which avoided the need to change at Barrow. Now for an enthusiast like my self who has travelled on trains for nearly 50 years changing trains frequently doesn't bother me but for many other people it does.
 

BrianW

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I'm not sure about reducing the speed of some routes,

Thinking back to 1973 'oil crisis'- road speeds were reduced from 70 to 50mph; and many stayed like that afterwards. Presumably energy was saved? Also that 'variable speed limits' on eg M25 have been shown to INCREASE capacity and speeds.

I would imagine that max capacity is achieved when trains run more like on the Tube, shuttling up and down all with the same stopping patterns (separated eg Met/Jubilee and District/Piccadilly) on parallel tracks and few conflicting movements. People seem happy with changing trains when the trains are frequent and they are not disabled or encumbered with luggage. Perhaps frequency, reliability and connectivity (and price?!) are more important than speed?

And on the broader point ... how much faith might be put in 'rolling programmes' eg GWML Oxford, Swansea, Bristol and beyond; MML; ...I sense that the carbon credentials of electrification are broadly 'proven', cutbacks ensuing from the haste of starting construction with inadequate planning, soil investigations for posts etc and consequential overspends.

Call me a cynic, but anything that focuses on the 'blue wall' seats must be favoured- Darlington, Bishop Auckland, Barrow-in-Furness, ... Surely wind-powered HS3 must be 'shovel-ready' by now?!!
 
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