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Should? Bristol, Bournemouth and Brighton for a start.
Key things for trams is density. Trams are about lots of people making lots of short hops. You need the popoulation and destination density to be sufficiently high to enable the tram network to function as a multiplier.
Oh, and trams should be kept as far apart operationally from mainline rail. Trams are super-buses, not mini-trains. Tram-trains are an awkward compromise, and you'd be much better off going for the Stadtbahn/Pre-metro level spec than trying to cheap out on infrastructure with a tram-train, IMHO.
Should? Bristol, Bournemouth and Brighton for a start.
Key things for trams is density. Trams are about lots of people making lots of short hops. You need the popoulation and destination density to be sufficiently high to enable the tram network to function as a multiplier.
Oh, and trams should be kept as far apart operationally from mainline rail. Trams are super-buses, not mini-trains. Tram-trains are an awkward compromise, and you'd be much better off going for the Stadtbahn/Pre-metro level spec than trying to cheap out on infrastructure with a tram-train, IMHO.
For trams to be worthwhile they need a route that is almost or totally free from road traffic, except at crossings where the trams have signal priority. Otherwise they just get stuck in the same jams without the ability to navigate round obstacles such as parked cars, and there's very little benefit over a much cheaper bus option. I don't know Brighton but this will be very difficult to achieve in Bristol or Bournemouth.
Oh, and trams should be kept as far apart operationally from mainline rail. Trams are super-buses, not mini-trains. Tram-trains are an awkward compromise, and you'd be much better off going for the Stadtbahn/Pre-metro level spec than trying to cheap out on infrastructure with a tram-train, IMHO.
I agree, frankly I think the concept of tram-trains is utterly stupid. Decide whether a train/metro line or tram network is more suitable, pick one and just stop trying to combine the two.
Merseytram should be revived. Those long urbanised corridors with big roads with central reservations are ideal environments for trams. Had the original Merseytram been approved Greater Liverpool would have rapid transit (Merseyrail or Merseytram) in pretty much all directions.
Bristol ought to have a tram too. The old Bristol Bath railway is a perfect tram-conversion alignment. From Temple Meads I'd then run it up Victoria Street - Baldwin Street - Anchor Road - Jacobs Wells Road - Whiteladies Road to then turn left at Clifton Down to take over the Severn Beach branch.
Tram trains should be adopted sparingly, but the German experience suggests there clearly is a place for them. Yes, they should operate in largely segregated environments - in city centres they should predominantly be on highly traffic restricted or otherwise pedestrianised roads, radiating out they can be in railway environments where they are segregated other than sharing with infrequent freight - that's where you need mainline crashworthiness and signalling/protection systems. The Manchester 'East Lines' services (Guide Bridge ad Marple locals) and the Atherton line are good candidates for tram train conversion through a surface 3CC (segregated from the existing CCs) so they are taken out of the Central Manchester heavy rail equation.
Reading (at least one tram line), Southampton/Portsmouth and one of the South Yorkshire boroughs outside Sheffield (Doncaster or Barnsley).
Reading has pretty much reached saturation in terms of bus passenger ridership, and the suburban rail network already has a significant ridership that can't really be improved with increased frequency or new stations, given the capacity issues on the Great Western Main Line and the Berks & Hants.
The combined population of the Portsmouth and Southampton urban area is massive (1.23 million) and the suburban railway system could be improved a bit, but a revival of the previously planned South Hants Rapid Transit system is desperately needed to fill in the major missing gaps (at the Pompey end, Waterlooville/Leigh Park to Pompey and Gosport to Pompey/Fareham should be priority corridors; with So'ton, routes along the City Centre - Uni - Lordswood - Nursling and City Centre - St Mary's Stadium - Bitterne Village - Hedge End town - Botley station could make sense).
Finally, both Doncaster and Barnsley are in need of better transport links to aid regeneration, I would argue that Barnsley should be chosen as Doncaster's receiving major investment for the airport reopening.
A route like Hemsworth (reopened station for interchange) - join old railway alignment through the Brierley and Shafton area - on street through Cudworth - old railway alignment down to the Cundy Cross area - down the Dearne Valley into Barnsley town centre - Barnsley Hospital - Gawber - Barugh Green - Kexborough - M1 J38 Park & Ride would connect a lot of deprived outlying towns and villages to Barnsley and drastically improve east-west connectivity in South Yorks.
Pie in the sky. Few new tram routes are likely to be constructed in the UK in the next 25 years, particularly if they aren't extensions of existing systems, as they are so expensive to build. If a Reform government is elected in 2029, it could cancel any schemes that have reached the drawing board to save money. Labour itself doesn't have a good record on this - remember Alistair Darling.
I agree, frankly I think the concept of tram-trains is utterly stupid. Decide whether a train/metro line or tram network is more suitable, pick one and just stop trying to combine the two.
Bristol ought to have a tram too. The old Bristol Bath railway is a perfect tram-conversion alignment. From Temple Meads I'd then run it up Victoria Street - Baldwin Street - Anchor Road - Jacobs Wells Road - Whiteladies Road to then turn left at Clifton Down to take over the Severn Beach branch.
On paper it is, but it is now well established as an "active travel corridor" (ie walkway / cyclepath) in a city region where support for such things is very strong, which means that a lot of the natural support base for green urban transport (which also exists in Bristol in spades) would at best be split and at worst oppose.
If I had the money and the control, the first step I'd take towards any kind of urban rail project for Bristol would be a shortish one. Use the alignment that is still just about there down the side of Temple Meads (next to the old trainshed) and then run as a tramway between the two eyesores, and past St Mary Redcliffe using the car-parking space. A new bridge would be needed parallel(-ish) to Redcliffe Bridge and since going slap bang through the middle of Queen Square is almost certainly out of the question, you'd probably need to go down the quayside to come in to the Centre along what I think is Prince Street. Initially follow the "Zwickau model" and just run the Severn Beach and Henbury trains into the Centre to terminate there.
For trams to be worthwhile they need a route that is almost or totally free from road traffic, except at crossings where the trams have signal priority. Otherwise they just get stuck in the same jams without the ability to navigate round obstacles such as parked cars, and there's very little benefit over a much cheaper bus option. I don't know Brighton but this will be very difficult to achieve in Bristol or Bournemouth.
This is true, but you can achieve that by having dedicated or almost-dedicated roadspace without needing to build entirely off-line routes, e.g. via a Bus & Tram Lane.
If it was easy to build trams in the UK, we'd have built a lot more of them. I am very aware of the engineering practicalities of it, hence the 'should' part of my original answer.
I agree, frankly I think the concept of tram-trains is utterly stupid. Decide whether a train/metro line or tram network is more suitable, pick one and just stop trying to combine the two.
Tram-trains are not utterly stupid, but they are a niche solution and you need the right combination of factors to have that niche available. As a general rule, it is better to separate them and let passengers transfer easily, but there will always be situations where either there is a particular need or particular constraint that means you can't build 2 separate routes but you can't serve the demand with only one mode.
This is true, but you can achieve that by having dedicated or almost-dedicated roadspace without needing to build entirely off-line routes, e.g. via a Bus & Tram Lane.
This is possible, although it needs enough roadspace or alternative routes to be available for remaining traffic such as access to premises, and on-street parking for houses with no alternative. Bus franchising may help with shared lanes as the number of buses can be controlled, as well as allowing authorities to co-ordinate bus services with the tram rather than having companies competing with it.
Tram-trains are not utterly stupid, but they are a niche solution and you need the right combination of factors to have that niche available. As a general rule, it is better to separate them and let passengers transfer easily, but there will always be situations where either there is a particular need or particular constraint that means you can't build 2 separate routes but you can't serve the demand with only one mode.
Indeed. A tram-train is probably only viable if there is an important destination that the railway can't get close enough to, and also an existing tram network it can make use of.
Pie in the sky. Few new tram routes are likely to be constructed in the UK in the next 25 years, particularly if they aren't extensions of existing systems, as they are so expensive to build. If a Reform government is elected in 2029, it could cancel any schemes that have reached the drawing board to save money. Labour itself doesn't have a good record on this - remember Alistair Darling.
This is possible, although it needs enough roadspace or alternative routes to be available for remaining traffic such as access to premises, and on-street parking for houses with no alternative. Bus franchising may help with shared lanes as the number of buses can be controlled, as well as allowing authorities to co-ordinate bus services with the tram rather than having companies competing with it.
Indeed. A tram-train is probably only viable if there is an important destination that the railway can't get close enough to, and also an existing tram network it can make use of.
In some cases it might be worth considering a short isolated tram route into a city centre specifically to allow local tram-trains from a local suburban network to reach major traffic objectives.
One idea floated for Bristol is a city centre loop on street, connected to Temple Meads. It would need very effective priority measures and as much segregation as possible to ensure city centre traffic disruption doesn't propagate to the broader rail network, which I think is the danger of networks with street trackage being connected to the railway.
Rather than a loop, I suggest a double track spur configuration with a clear terminus for layovers that can absorb incoming delay. I'd opt for near total traffic segregation, even eschewing bus lanes for the most part, especially busy central multiroute corridors, but allowing well-prioritised crossings of minor low traffic access roads where expedient. That may need some tunnelling or elevated construction. Such a link could potentially make use of the tighter curves and steeper gradients of light rail standards and the lighter maximum loads of a passenger-only railway. A delta junction connecting to both ends of Temple Meads could allow many local services to penetrate the city centre while also serving the main rail hub. A high platform Stadtbahn using tram-trains. If there were other trams in the city, I'd keep them segregated from this city centre suburban stub.
In some cases it might be worth considering a short isolated tram route into a city centre specifically to allow local tram-trains from a local suburban network to reach major traffic objectives.
One idea floated for Bristol is a city centre loop on street, connected to Temple Meads. It would need very effective priority measures and as much segregation as possible to ensure city centre traffic disruption doesn't propagate to the broader rail network, which I think is the danger of networks with street trackage being connected to the railway.
This idea was proper lunacy. Bristol's mainline rail serves the city generally quite poorly, not just the city centre. Sending lots of tram-trains through Bristol East Jn is madness even if XC moved out of Barton Hill.
Rather than a loop, I suggest a double track spur configuration with a clear terminus for layovers that can absorb incoming delay. I'd opt for near total traffic segregation, even eschewing bus lanes for the most part, especially busy central multiroute corridors, but allowing well-prioritised crossings of minor low traffic access roads where expedient. That may need some tunnelling or elevated construction. Such a link could potentially make use of the tighter curves and steeper gradients of light rail standards and the lighter maximum loads of a passenger-only railway. A delta junction connecting to both ends of Temple Meads could allow many local services to penetrate the city centre while also serving the main rail hub. A high platform Stadtbahn using tram-trains. If there were other trams in the city, I'd keep them segregated from this city centre suburban stub.
The area around Stoke-on-Trent, at least between Stoke, Newcastle and Hanley? Leicester as somewhere with a high population density but not being large enough to justify a metro.
For trams to be worthwhile they need a route that is almost or totally free from road traffic, except at crossings where the trams have signal priority. Otherwise they just get stuck in the same jams without the ability to navigate round obstacles such as parked cars, and there's very little benefit over a much cheaper bus option. I don't know Brighton but this will be very difficult to achieve in Bristol or Bournemouth.
Brighton trams were pretty much entirely road-based. The routes to the hospital, station and universities are extremely well served by the bus network.
The trams also kept to the less severe gradients, the worst ones probably being Dyke Road, North Street, Queens Park/Rock Gardens and Elm Grove (which isn't all that steep but goes on and on. And on. And then on some more)
The city has been narrowed down and congested so much that it just wouldn't work.
Brighton trams were pretty much entirely road-based. The routes to the hospital, station and universities are extremely well served by the bus network.
The trams also kept to the less severe gradients, the worst ones probably being Dyke Road, North Street, Queens Park/Rock Gardens and Elm Grove (which isn't all that steep but goes on and on. And on. And then on some more)
The city has been narrowed down and congested so much that it just wouldn't work.
Could a Blackpool-style tram along the prom between Brighton and Hove work and make money? There's plenty of room (save for a depot) and few if any regular buses go along the prom?
Maybe it could run to the station although space for a turning stop there is at best limited, sharing the small space with buses and general traffic!
Of course there's Volks on the other side of the pier! Might not like the competition!
Brighton trams were pretty much entirely road-based. The routes to the hospital, station and universities are extremely well served by the bus network.
The trams also kept to the less severe gradients, the worst ones probably being Dyke Road, North Street, Queens Park/Rock Gardens and Elm Grove (which isn't all that steep but goes on and on. And on. And then on some more)
The city has been narrowed down and congested so much that it just wouldn't work.
I lived in Brighton for a few months 10yrs ago, so maybe things have changed, but and I was struck by how north street was a complete log jam of buses as the major east-west pinch point. That seems to be a good example of where street running trams could help relieve capacity where there are too many overlapping bus routes slowing everything down. A spur to the station would help but its not that far for people to walk if its too impractical to send trams up and back down Queens road.
Otherwise the sea front would be a good route which would allow for minimal conflict at road junctions. Hove and further west has a parallel railway so perhaps less obvious need than on kemptown and further east, but the east-west bus routes on the west are still pretty busy suggesting the demand is there on both sides.
Brighton trams were pretty much entirely road-based. The routes to the hospital, station and universities are extremely well served by the bus network.
They were indeed. They had horses and carts as well as a few lorries and buses to contend with. Not today's chaos. Oddly enough there is still a short section of tram track in Lewes Road bus garage, in the tyre store. 3' 6" gauge iirc
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I lived in Brighton for a few months 10yrs ago, so maybe things have changed, but and I was struck by how north street was a complete log jam of buses as the major east-west pinch point. That seems to be a good example of where street running trams could help relieve capacity where there are too many overlapping bus routes slowing everything down. A spur to the station would help but its not that far for people to walk if its too impractical to send trams up and back down Queens road.
Otherwise the sea front would be a good route which would allow for minimal conflict at road junctions. Hove and further west has a parallel railway so perhaps less obvious need than on kemptown and further east, but the east-west bus routes on the west are still pretty busy suggesting the demand is there on both sides.
North Street has been a horror show for years. 10 years ago I was driving those very buses. Did so for 12½ years. Unfortunately there is nowhere else for cross city buses to go, as people are either going from the west to London Road shops, or the north and east to Churchill Square or the station. I do think more could terminate at the Steine, though. You can't put them on the coast road as there's no right turn out into or out of West Street, and besides, that's also got its own carnage situation.
I always said the bus stops at the bottom create the jams but taking them out and running Churchill Square to The Steine meant that the council would probably pedestrianise it, creating even more carnage.
Trams down North Street would have nowhere to go. Really, any tram lines would be better off along the sea front with a spur up to the railway station and maybe a deviation up Paston Place for the hospital. Plus there's nowhere to put a depot unless you want it at Shoreham Harbour or somewhere.
Maybe a second line running along the bus lanes, Croydon style, and then up the Preston Park frontage road to reach Waterhall. But then they'd have to join the road at Preston Drove, unless you had them going up the back roads, which means our old friend steep hills again. You'd be OK southbound as the bus lane starts at the Deneway.
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Could a Blackpool-style tram along the prom between Brighton and Hove work and make money? There's plenty of room (save for a depot) and few if any regular buses go along the prom?
Maybe it could run to the station although space for a turning stop there is at best limited, sharing the small space with buses and general traffic!
Of course there's Volks on the other side of the pier! Might not like the competition!
Luckily trams can run in either direction so maybe the cab tunnels under platforms 7 and 8 might work. IIRC they just went to a short single line stub track right at the station, terminating in the middle of Queens Road before the buildings there were demolished to create Junction Road*
Going along the seafront would work best, you'd serve Marina, the Hospital, a spur to the station, the (now really tatty) King Alfred centre, Hove Lagoon, Shoreham Harbour, maybe bridge the river for Shoreham Beach (expensive) or move the McDonalds bus stop at Shoreham and go up Ham Road.
Or alternatively go from the King Alfred up Hove Street, then New Church Road and follow the line of the old horse drawn tramway to Shoreham. (I grew up in Shoreham and lived there for 28 years)
*The bus stops also count as being in Junction Road, msking it the only road in the country that is wider than it is long.
Luckily trams can run in either direction so maybe the cab tunnels under platforms 7 and 8 might work. IIRC they just went to a short single line stub track right at the station, terminating in the middle of Queens Road before the buildings there were demolished to create Junction Road*
Going along the seafront would work best, you'd serve Marina, the Hospital, a spur to the station, the (now really tatty) King Alfred centre, Hove Lagoon, Shoreham Harbour, maybe bridge the river for Shoreham Beach (expensive) or move the McDonalds bus stop at Shoreham and go up Ham Road.
Or alternatively go from thd King Alfred up Hove Street, then New Church Road and follow the line of the old horse drawn tramway to Shoreham. (I grew up in Shoreham and lived there for 28 years)
*The bus stops also count as being in Junction Road, msking it the only road in the country that is wider than it is long.
Think one of the problems with Brighton is there's no real bus station, so buses go through the city rather than terminate at it, adding to congestion as they stop and hold up everything - including other buses - behind it! If Queen St were pedestrinised with a tramway included, the 7 (from Hove) could terminate at the station and pax could get the tramway down to the shopping area (Clock Tower) and connect with the buses at Churchill Sq; and that tram could, as you suggest, go along the prom eastwards or westwards thus meaning buses like the 12 etc that terminate near the station now wouldn't need to be as regular and go through that shopping area eastwards, terminating at (say) Sealife centre roundabout - or the Steine - making North St more peaceful and safer.
One issue though would be delivery drivers, so pedestrian precinct Queen St would need to be open for them until a certain hour?
Maybe come at this from a different direction, what is the minimum city size, (population and built up area) that is needed to make a tram solution an attractive option. Of the current cities with new build tram networks (not counting Blackpool as thats 'grandfathered in') Nottingham is the smallest at ~330,000. Next question would be does the city have a 'metro' heavy rail service, and Liverpool does, and Newcastle and surroundings has its metro, so in terms of need I would say according to the list of largest cities/urban areas the next candidates after Sheffield, which sits at no. 6 would be Teesside, Bristol, Bournmouth and Poole, Stoke and Leicester , which are all in the 300,000 to 500,000 area. I am not sure how well the Teesside area would lend itself, it feels very spread out, so probably start with Bristol and work down.
Think one of the problems with Brighton is there's no real bus station, so buses go through the city rather than terminate at it, adding to congestion as they stop and hold up everything - including other buses - behind it! If Queen St were pedestrinised with a tramway included, the 7 (from Hove) could terminate at the station and pax could get the tramway down to the shopping area (Clock Tower) and connect with the buses at Churchill Sq; and that tram could, as you suggest, go along the prom eastwards or westwards thus meaning buses like the 12 etc that terminate near the station now wouldn't need to be as regular and go through that shopping area eastwards, terminating at (say) Sealife centre roundabout - or the Steine - making North St more peaceful and safer.
One issue though would be delivery drivers, so pedestrian precinct Queen St would need to be open for them until a certain hour?
Queens Road you mean? The only issue I'd have there is what would you do with terminating buses? It's not exactly spacious. Surrey Street is one way and very narrow. I can't really see all that traffic squeezing through there two way.
Pool Valley was previously the bus station, it had all the out of town bus services and then coaches from London and further afield. It was cramped, but it had everything a bus station needs. The dedicated coach station before that was in Steine Street, just off St James's Street (before it was narrowed) imagine trying to get a modern coach in there now .
Unfortunately Pool Valley these days is a desolate wasteland and a very poor first impression of Brighton.
Maybe come at this from a different direction, what is the minimum city size, (population and built up area) that is needed to make a tram solution an attractive option. Of the current cities with new build tram networks (not counting Blackpool as thats 'grandfathered in') Nottingham is the smallest at ~330,000. Next question would be does the city have a 'metro' heavy rail service, and Liverpool does, and Newcastle and surroundings has its metro, so in terms of need I would say according to the list of largest cities/urban areas the next candidates after Sheffield, which sits at no. 6 would be Teesside, Bristol, Bournmouth and Poole, Stoke and Leicester , which are all in the 300,000 to 500,000 area. I am not sure how well the Teesside area would lend itself, it feels very spread out, so probably start with Bristol and work down.
The population of the City of Nottingham is about 330,000 but the tram continues into neighbouring local authorities to serve other parts of the Nottingham built-up area (and proposed extensions would also mostly be in other authority areas even going into Derbyshire). Depending on how it is counted, the "conurbation" is over half a million.
Regarding Bristol, the MetroBus m1 route could convert to trams, if some space was taken from the m32 and the wide roads it runs through in Bradley Stoke.
A spur connecting UWE, Filton, and Bristol Parkway could connect into the same corridor.
Taking over the Bristol-Bath path isn't realistic unless a solution could be find to allow both, and the corridor doesn't look wide enough. The path is very well used by cyclists.
Queens Road you mean? The only issue I'd have there is what would you do with terminating buses? It's not exactly spacious. Surrey Street is one way and very narrow. I can't really see all that traffic squeezing through there two way.
Pool Valley was previously the bus station, it had all the out of town bus services and then coaches from London and further afield. It was cramped, but it had everything a bus station needs. The dedicated coach station before that was in Steine Street, just off St James's Street (before it was narrowed) imagine trying to get a modern coach in there now .
Unfortunately Pool Valley these days is a desolate wasteland and a very poor first impression of Brighton.
That area could be treated as an one-way roundabout, with just the now through buses from the north/east direction terminating there (doing a clockwise loop round the bus station) so no buses using Surrey St which is way too narrow as it is, a real congestion point, and needs fully widening to the pavement and no parking - there really is just one carriageway for cars and buses and it's not enough especially at the top when there are two buses waiting! Removing the through buses and having them wait and turn at the current bus station would eliminate the stops outside the Railway Bell and the trams wait outside Budgens if they can't somehow be accommodated in the station - I think there's room inside though?
Not sure if the tram line could use Surrey St or simply double track on North Road - which would seem obvious if they could go into the station?
If a through buses were required I suppose any could pass Churchill Square/Clock Tower and go up Dyke Road?
As for other places, a tramway is needed in Milton Keynes from the rail station right up and through the vast (insert expletive) shopping centre and terminating in/at Campbell Park!!
That area could be treated as an one-way roundabout, with just the now through buses from the north/east direction terminating there (doing a clockwise loop round the bus station) so no buses using Surrey St which is way too narrow as it is, a real congestion point, and needs fully widening to the pavement and no parking - there really is just one carriageway for cars and buses and it's not enough especially at the top when there are two buses waiting! Removing the through buses and having them wait and turn at the current bus station would eliminate the stops outside the Railway Bell and the trams wait outside Budgens if they can't somehow be accommodated in the station - I think there's room inside though?
Not sure if the tram line could use Surrey St or simply double track on North Road - which would seem obvious if they could go into the station?
If a through buses were required I suppose any could pass Churchill Square/Clock Tower and go up Dyke Road?
As for other places, a tramway is needed in Milton Keynes from the rail station right up and through the vast (insert expletive) shopping centre and terminating in/at Campbell Park!!
I reckon Brighton might be better off with a Coventry VLR type tramway, given all the narrowing down. I'd certainly be dead against shutting off Queens Road or North Street due to just nowhere else to go. A huge one way system would probably be the only way to prevent total gridlock.
Milton Keynes would be a great idea. Railway Station, That huge shopping centre which just goes on and on. The Marshall Arena for GETS as well as MK Dons games or gigs. The National Bowl for parking. Plus there are a lot of open spaces there so plenty of room for the tracks.
I reckon Brighton might be better off with a Coventry VLR type tramway, given all the narrowing down. I'd certainly be dead against shutting off Queens Road or North Street due to just nowhere else to go. A huge one way system would probably be the only way to prevent total gridlock.
Milton Keynes would be a great idea. Railway Station, That huge shopping centre which just goes on and on. The Marshall Arena for GETS as well as MK Dons games or gigs. The National Bowl for parking. Plus there are a lot of open spaces there so plenty of room for the tracks.
Brighton; I'm actually surprised the Grand Parade A23/Marlborough place (etc) isn't one-way from Preston Circus down to the Steine, although the western side appears to be buses and taxis only?
As for Milton Keynes, that Coventry-style VLR could do the job, even going through the centre (I reckon a mini-gauge rail inside would help move people around, not sure how long the building is but it feels like a mile!) linked to the station. If it's a case of mixing shoppers/excited kids etc with a moving railway, how's about an overhead hanging one?! But a 3'6" embedded rail, eastbound on one corridor, westbound the other would be a real help for us of a certain age! That aside, with it's wide boulevards MK would be ideal for a tram network (MK Dons - Hospital - Station - Centre - I believe there's a Coach Parkway by a M1 junction?)
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