You need to allow for
- TfL to take a bit of time to write to you, and
- The Royal Mail to work out what your address really is.
In practical terms, I would suggest waiting maybe 2 weeks (14 days) from the incident before you worry. If you haven't heard anything then, then try to get in touch with TfL yourself. Write to them, giving the details you gave them (including the inaccurate address) and details of the journey you were making when they caught you (including the time and date). That should help them to find your case. Then tell them your accurate address and ask for any post to be sent to your accurate address.
Per
https://tfl.gov.uk/help-and-contact/, TfL's contact address appears to be
TfL Customer Services
9th Floor
5 Endeavour Square
London
E20 1JN