I had some involvement with pantograph carbons (or the fallout from them) at one time. A nice man at Morganite, who also make crucibles, told me that the carbon/graphite is also impregnated with copper to increase its conductivity and lead for lubrication. Presumably both also strengthen the carbon. I got the impression it was done in a bath of liquid metal after the first stage of production, but I suppose the whole thing might be sintered in one process.