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Is "High Speed" the right solution for NPR?

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GJMarshy

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Having spent extensive time analysing the population spread, density and travel patterns in and around the North (Specifically the North West), it seems clear that a "High Speed", one stop per city centre route seems highly illogical.

If the cities were much further apart, hypothetically let's say 80km between each city/town en-route with population density highest at their centres, the logic would stack up much better. However, given the proximity of Northern cities and towns, a railway with a dense core in each city, with fast running between each begins to make much more sense. You could draw parallels with Thameslink or Elizabeth Line here, but the main difference is they all feed into one city, with little end-end demand. This hypothetical railway would need to do both.

There's no question substantial new infrastructure would be required, especially to get through congested Manchester, but planned right might this phased, scalable, spatial planning based approach be made to work?

Let's take one "core" route through probably the most congested and high demand city on the route: Manchester.

You might have a fast line (which branches toward North Wales, Liverpool & Lancashire/Cumbria) feed into a new "core" route through the city, calling at major nodes. These represent a mix of areas with high TOD potential, existing but latent demand, PT connectivity & very high business/leisure demand.

As an example such a route would be (in tunnel) from the west:

Eccles - Media City - Salford Interchange (Connector with exiting surface lines toward North Manchester & TOD potential) - Central (Vicinity of Lincoln Square for access to Spinningfields & Civic Centre) - Manchester Piccadilly - Etihad Campus - Continue toward Yorkshire.


Mcr Crossrail.jpg

This would bring all those high-demand/population destinations within easy reach of the wider North, increasing the potential for agglomeration and economic growth. Journey times through Central Manchester may be slower than a single or 2 stop service, but factoring in door-door journey times (and lack of existing, adequate onward connections), it would make for a much more attractive customer proposition in most cases.

The alignment above is purely conceptual to demonstrate the concept, so take it with a grain of salt. You could of course have a junction after Piccadilly to allow services to access the politically attractiveManchester Airport and/or a connection to the Stockport line. It really depends on cost, defined outputs and engineering/operational complexity.

Something like this does seem a highly attractive option though compared to the previous NPR plan which has now been given a BCR of 0.4 (following the removal of HS2.) It would still be in the multiple £billions, but perhaps deliver more in terms of *takes a gulp* "Levelling up."

There's also potential for it to use mostly existing lines over the pennines, with TRU having capacity for 6tph, and Hope valley 3tph. Another 3tph might go to the airport (helping appease the politicians somewhat.)

Of course this fully relieves Castlefield also (which admittedly you could do with a lot less tunnelling and stations,) but perhaps, just maybe, if you're going to bite that bullet it'd be worth reassessing what NPR actually sets out to achieve and splash that cash on something that could see exponentially larger economic returns?
 
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SynthD

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If you took the long (for east-west) distance passengers off the current services, those current services could become the super connect you want. NPR, if it’s going to be underground, needs to be as few stations as possible to be affordable.
 

HSTEd

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I feel this is something of a false dichotomy.
This is not the 1980s or 1990s, we aren't using loco hauled high speed sets with appalling acceleration performance any more.

Modern high performance multiple units will be able to achieve average speeds comparable to the top speed of the existing route even if they stop every 20km or so (~80mph average). With 30km stop spacings the average speeds are on order of ~110mph.

They do this every day in Japan.

The existing lines will never produce a truly transformational transport solution - they are simply too slow and fundamentally unsuitable for modern requirements.
 

LNW-GW Joint

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As an example such a route would be (in tunnel) from the west:

Eccles - Media City - Salford Interchange (Connector with exiting surface lines toward North Manchester & TOD potential) - Central (Vicinity of Lincoln Square for access to Spinningfields & Civic Centre) - Manchester Piccadilly - Etihad Campus - Continue toward Yorkshire.

This would bring all those high-demand/population destinations within easy reach of the wider North, increasing the potential for agglomeration and economic growth. Journey times through Central Manchester may be slower than a single or 2 stop service, but factoring in door-door journey times (and lack of existing, adequate onward connections), it would make for a much more attractive customer proposition in most cases.
That's pretty much a Crossrail-type express metro solution, and no doubt Liverpool and Leeds would want their own suburban stations too.
High speed for NPR need only be 250km/h rather than the 350km/h of HS2, but it still needs to be a limited stop line to achieve decent end-to-end journey times.
It also has to have more capacity than the Chat Moss/CLC/Standedge routes to keep fast trains clear of the locals.
 

Grimsby town

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I don't think that many stations to serve one city is sensible. It would have a significant impact on Liverpool - Leeds journey times.

I'm struggling to think of a situation where intercity or regional express services stop so frequently. Intercity services travelling through Malmo stop three times. They then travel onwards to Copenhagen, where they stop six times. This is a slightly different situation though, as these services provide the only local connections between Malmo and Copenhagen.

A lot of urban tunnels are either local service only or intercity services only, particularly in larger cities. Mixing service types is inefficient and can lead to all markets being served poorly. Where urban tunnels are shared between local and intercity services, the intercity services tend not to stop at every station (examples of the top of my head include Leipzig and Oslo).

There might be a case for a station at Piccadilly and one at somewhere like Salford Quays or the Trafford Centre, but there certainly isn't a case for Etihad Campus and Lincoln Square. They're only 10 minutes or so from Piccadilly by tram.
 

Topological

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The airport is more than political in this, it is the way that we connect globally. Virtual meetings are not eliminating that business/investment travel.

The idea of regular stops is not that unusual globally, Japan has been mentioned and China also has high speed lines with many stops. It is just about flighting the services so that the schedules work. Certainly you would not have all trains stop at all stops.

I think the CrossNorth programme is a really good one, but should not be conflated with the HS options.
 

Gareth

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NPR isn't, and never was, going to happen. Time to move on from it.

The best the we can hope for is some improvements to existing lines. Electrifying the CLC would be a good start.
 

GJMarshy

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The airport is more than political in this, it is the way that we connect globally. Virtual meetings are not eliminating that business/investment travel.

The idea of regular stops is not that unusual globally, Japan has been mentioned and China also has high speed lines with many stops. It is just about flighting the services so that the schedules work. Certainly you would not have all trains stop at all stops.

I think the CrossNorth programme is a really good one, but should not be conflated with the HS options.

You make a great point. It can be done, but it isn’t the norm as others have rightly pointed out. The north of England is fairly unique in how population is spread across given areas. Merseyside , Chester, Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire and South Yorkshire have a combined population over 10m, and are separated only by greenbelt or the Pennines.

Rhine and Ruhr is the most comparable, but still the populations are more densely populated in each city’s core. In the north of England the majority is urban sprawl. Hence, a one stop per city service doesn’t actually serve the market very well if agglomeration is what we’re striving to achieve.

You could of course go for the CrossNorth option you mentioned, which just has the two stations to spread the load (and take pressure off Castlefield), and something along those lines is probably the most likely outcome eventually.

As a thought experiment though, it may be worthwhile considering whether inter-city is actually the right model to use, especially given most journeys from Liverpool won’t extend to Leeds and beyond. It’s Warrington, Manchester & Huddersfield that are the main trip drivers on that TPE route. That’s not to say there isn’t market beyond the Pennines or that we shouldn’t aspire for there to be a larger one, but practically speaking, Manchester is pretty much the “core” of the region, so multiple stations to promote agglomeration with other cities makes good sense economically.
 
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Grimsby town

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NPR isn't, and never was, going to happen. Time to move on from it.

The best the we can hope for is some improvements to existing lines. Electrifying the CLC would be a good start.
I'm interested why small improvements are the best we can hope for when every other comparable country manages to build projects similar to NPR. If all we can hope for is small upgrades of the existing infrastructure, we're done for economically.

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The airport is more than political in this, it is the way that we connect globally. Virtual meetings are not eliminating that business/investment travel.

The idea of regular stops is not that unusual globally, Japan has been mentioned and China also has high speed lines with many stops. It is just about flighting the services so that the schedules work. Certainly you would not have all trains stop at all stops.

I think the CrossNorth programme is a really good one, but should not be conflated with the HS options.
While Shinkansen has regular stops, it doesn't have multiple stops within walking distance. TfN/government proposed NPR services would already have stations fairly close together by intercity standards. Its possible some services would stop at York, Garforth, Leeds, Dewsbury, Huddersfield, Piccadilly, Manchester Airport, Warrington, and Liverpool. That seems about right for an intercity service where the cities are relatively close.
 

Gareth

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I'm interested why small improvements are the best we can hope for when every other comparable country manages to build projects similar to NPR. If all we can hope for is small upgrades of the existing infrastructure, we're done for

I don't know the answer but it's the reality nonetheless.

But I would suggest that the mismanaging of the UK economy over the past few years, plus attitudes to infrastructure in general and in the North in particular, is the kernel of the issue.

I don't believe NPR was ever a serious project. It was always designed to shore up the Manchester HS2 leg by claiming other services could use it. It was also to neutralise complaints from Liverpool about being left off HS2, even though the route through Warrington would be little quicker. With HS2 Phase 2 scrapped, so too went the rationale for NPR. Even if Phase 2 went ahead, I fully believe NPR would've been rationalised away over the years until it was pretty much nothing anyway.
 
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Sonik

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If you took the long (for east-west) distance passengers off the current services, those current services could become the super connect you want. NPR, if it’s going to be underground, needs to be as few stations as possible to be affordable.
This.

Crossrail envy is getting a bit tedious.
 

Grimsby town

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As a thought experiment though, it may be worthwhile considering whether inter-city is actually the right model to use, especially given most journeys from Liverpool won’t extend to Leeds and beyond. It’s Warrington, Manchester & Huddersfield that are the main trip drivers on that TPE route. That’s not to say there isn’t market beyond the Pennines or that we shouldn’t aspire for there to be a larger one, but practically speaking, Manchester is pretty much the “core” of the region, so multiple stations to promote agglomeration with other cities makes good sense ececonomically.
Part of the reason the market between Leeds and Liverpool is small is because the service is relatively poor at the minute. Rail isn't that competitive with car on the cross pennine corridor, particularly when you consider door to door journey times. Frequency is pretty poor too and there isn't much scope to increase that beyond 2 trains per hour.

Warrington to Liverpool/Manchester will get better local services as result of released capacity from NPR. That can provide the kind of service you are suggesting without building expensive underground stations. For example Warrington to Salford Quays journeys can be improved by building a new station at Old Trafford.
 

Manutd1999

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Without HS2 the original plan for NPR doesn't make much sense. Something similar to CrossNorth is a much better solution.

One new tunnel from the Chat Moss line to an underground station at Piccadilly, potentially with an intermediate station at Salford. The tunnel then surfaces near Ashbury's to connect to a new 4-track section to Guide Bridge and onto to the existing Transpennine Route, which is being electrified/upgraded anyway as part of TRU. This would also enable trains to Sheffield (via New Mills).

The underground station at Picadilly would also have 1-2 bay platforms to enable services from Scotland and the Lake District to terminate there, therefore removing all long-distance services from Castlefield. That relieves a lot of capacity to enable a "Manchester-metro" service, centred on the Airport and Castlefield but fanning out to Warrington/Southport/Blackpool/Bradford etc.

The new tunnel and stations wouldn't be cheap but probably not more than Phase 2b? It's the best solution IMO.
 

Grimsby town

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I don't know the answer but it's the reality nonetheless.

But I would suggest that the mismanaging of the UK economy over the past few years, plus attitudes to infrastructure in general and in the North in particular, is the kernel of the issue.

I don't believe NPR was ever a serious project. It was always designed to shore up the Manchester HS2 leg by claiming other services could use it. It was also to neutralise complaints from Liverpool about being left off HS2, even though the route through Warrington would be little quicker. With HS2 Phase 2 scrapped, so too went the rationale for NPR. Even if Phase 2 went ahead, I fully believe NPR would've been rationalised away over the years until it was pretty much nothing anyway.
NPR wasn't necessarily going to use HS2 infrastructure though. It was always about better connecting the northern cities but the obvious solution was to use the spare capacity on the HS2 route. It predates HS2s cost increases.

The north can't be ignored for ever. It is sustainable having such inequality in economic outcomes. If the main parties don't improve things it could lead to significant political gains for fringe parties like Reform.

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That relieves a lot of capacity to enable a "Manchester-metro" service, centred on the Airport and Castlefield but fanning out to Warrington/Southport/Blackpool/Bradford etc.
Does it relieve much capacity. I don't think cross north is a bad idea but it doesn't really work without 4 tracking on lines like Salford to Bolton and Chat Moss because the fast services already catch the stopping services on these lines.
 
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Gareth

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It was always going to use the HS2 leg into Manchester. That was the whole point of it. Any arguments regarding alternatives were hypothetical and were never to be taken seriously by central government.

I see no desire to change the UK economy to be anything other than a London city state. The powers that be are happy with the status quo.
 

Topological

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I'm interested why small improvements are the best we can hope for when every other comparable country manages to build projects similar to NPR. If all we can hope for is small upgrades of the existing infrastructure, we're done for economically.

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While Shinkansen has regular stops, it doesn't have multiple stops within walking distance. TfN/government proposed NPR services would already have stations fairly close together by intercity standards. Its possible some services would stop at York, Garforth, Leeds, Dewsbury, Huddersfield, Piccadilly, Manchester Airport, Warrington, and Liverpool. That seems about right for an intercity service where the cities are relatively close.
I am not expecting that the NPR HS line would have stops in walking distance. In Manchester there would only be the Airport and Piccadilly. Maybe an East Manchester station too, but that would depend on the route taken.

I was merely stating that there is nothing then wrong with having an Airport station, a Warrington station, a Liverpool East station and Liverpool. None of those would be walking distance from one another. This was to counter the fact that the geography of the North rules out high speed. To the East then an East Manchester, Huddersfield* and a South Leeds could be added before Leeds on a similar skip-stop basis.

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It was always going to use the HS2 leg into Manchester. That was the whole point of it. Any arguments regarding alternatives were hypothetical and were never to be taken seriously by central government.

I see no desire to change the UK economy to be anything other than a London city state. The powers that be are happy with the status quo.
Quite, the only HS option on the table is the tunnel from the airport (as it should be).

The only hope is that one day someone realises connecting that tunnel to HS2 makes sense as well.
 

Gareth

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There is no option on the table. NPR isn't going to happen. Sorry.
 

Grimsby town

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I am not expecting that the NPR HS line would have stops in walking distance. In Manchester there would only be the Airport and Piccadilly. Maybe an East Manchester station too, but that would depend on the route taken.
No but the original post was suggesting multiple stops very close to each other. I agree, the airport route is sensible.
 

Topological

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No but the original post was suggesting multiple stops very close to each other. I agree, the airport route is sensible.
I am glad we agree. The confusion came because you quoted my post before saying stops in walking distance. The final line was supposed to emphasise that the HS option would be distinct from the CrossNorth (the tunnel proposals original name) suburban option.

@GJMarshy has been a strong advocate for better connections through Manchester. Quite justifiably the initial project focused on commuter routes in the way that CrossRail does in London.

A HS line in the north IS needed, and I was pleased that amongst all the cuts the Manchester tunnel remains on the legislation.
 

GJMarshy

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I am glad we agree. The confusion came because you quoted my post before saying stops in walking distance. The final line was supposed to emphasise that the HS option would be distinct from the CrossNorth (the tunnel proposals original name) suburban option.

@GJMarshy has been a strong advocate for better connections through Manchester. Quite justifiably the initial project focused on commuter routes in the way that CrossRail does in London.

A HS line in the north IS needed, and I was pleased that amongst all the cuts the Manchester tunnel remains on the legislation.

I should be transparent that as the promoter of the CrossNorth concept, it was later altered to simply have two "Inter-City" style stations of open & sub-surface box construction respectively. The idea being they'd be capable of handling a variety of existing EMU rolling stock with space for large passenger concourses. This allows it to be plugged into the existing network initially to provide Castlefield relief, with provision to link into new high(er) speed lines either side.

The two station solution represents the "minimum viable product" (MVP) to fully relieve Castlefield (excluding the freight which needs its own solution.) If it only stopped at Piccadilly, you'd still need to run extensive services across a variety of flat junctions and through Castlefield to feed the new line.

Salford Interchange provides connectivity to North Manchester, as well as fast and regular Metrolink connectivity to Media City/Quays. It also takes significant pressure off Metrolink between Piccadilly and Cornbrook, and improves access to the growing economic hub from the wider region.

My initial post in this thread was to open up some discussion about what the right solution for NPR actually looks like. Personally I'd obviously advocate for CrossNorth, however many have pointed out "Why isn't there a stop in the centre?" "Why isn't there a stop at the Quays?" etc. I usually respond along the lines of "Because this is not a metro, it is for inter-city services. The existing lines then take on the role of an S-Bahn/Metro-Style service"

So I suppose you could view this thread as me gathering people's views on whether additional stations would in fact be beneficial.

See attached the core schematic for CrossNorth below which I feel is appropriate for clarity:

XN Core.001.png
 

Gareth

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And your simplified scheme was better and closer to the sort of thing we need. Unfortunately, it's not going to happen. They don't want to spend that sort of money on the North and there's increasingly no money anyway.
 

Topological

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I should be transparent that as the promoter of the CrossNorth concept, it was later altered to simply have two "Inter-City" style stations of open & sub-surface box construction respectively. The idea being they'd be capable of handling a variety of existing EMU rolling stock with space for large passenger concourses. This allows it to be plugged into the existing network initially to provide Castlefield relief, with provision to link into new high(er) speed lines either side.

The two station solution represents the "minimum viable product" (MVP) to fully relieve Castlefield (excluding the freight which needs its own solution.) If it only stopped at Piccadilly, you'd still need to run extensive services across a variety of flat junctions and through Castlefield to feed the new line.

Salford Interchange provides connectivity to North Manchester, as well as fast and regular Metrolink connectivity to Media City/Quays. It also takes significant pressure off Metrolink between Piccadilly and Cornbrook, and improves access to the growing economic hub from the wider region.

My initial post in this thread was to open up some discussion about what the right solution for NPR actually looks like. Personally I'd obviously advocate for CrossNorth, however many have pointed out "Why isn't there a stop in the centre?" "Why isn't there a stop at the Quays?" etc. I usually respond along the lines of "Because this is not a metro, it is for inter-city services. The existing lines then take on the role of an S-Bahn/Metro-Style service"

So I suppose you could view this thread as me gathering people's views on whether additional stations would in fact be beneficial.

See attached the core schematic for CrossNorth below which I feel is appropriate for clarity:

View attachment 162954
That is exactly what is needed, but I think you have the destinations wrong. This should be about pulling the local trains through the tunnel.

I am sure your original proposal was more local train focused?

To that end I would have rail connections at Salford Interchange and somewhere on the East Manchester such that all stoppers from Wigan/Preston/Liverpool could be pushed through to places East.

The existing TPE would provide for connection between Preston and the Airport, whilst Liverpool to the Airport/Sheffield/Leeds would be via NPR. Local services from the CLC would continue to the airport, which would become an all stations line for South Manchester.

That just leaves the line in from Rochdale, but that can also push through Castlefield once the other locals (and fasts) are off there.
 

Manutd1999

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NPR wasn't necessarily going to use HS2 infrastructure though. It was always about better connecting the northern cities but the obvious solution was to use the spare capacity on the HS2 route. It predates HS2s cost increases.

The north can't be ignored for ever. It is sustainable having such inequality in economic outcomes. If the main parties don't improve things it could lead to significant political gains for fringe parties like Reform.

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Does it relieve much capacity. I don't think cross north is a bad idea but it doesn't really work without 4 tracking on lines like Salford to Bolton and Chat Moss because the fast services already catch the stopping services on these lines.

If the Scotland and Barrow services ran via "CrossNorth" and the WCML then there would be plenty of capacity via Bolton.

But yes, Chat Moss becomes a bottleneck if there are ~8ph feeding onto the line from CrossNorth (eg, 4ph Liverpool, 2ph WCML, 2ph Chester/Wales). 4ph to Liverpool would just-about fit in amongst the stoppers at the Liverpool end, but there is very little space for local services at the Manchester end. One solution could be to extend the CrossNorth tunnel to surface west of the M60, bypassing Eccles/Patricroft, or there could be space for passing loops at Eccles.

My initial post in this thread was to open up some discussion about what the right solution for NPR actually looks like. Personally I'd obviously advocate for CrossNorth, however many have pointed out "Why isn't there a stop in the centre?" "Why isn't there a stop at the Quays?" etc. I usually respond along the lines of "Because this is not a metro, it is for inter-city services. The existing lines then take on the role of an S-Bahn/Metro-Style service"

Personally I think the CrossNorth suggestion is very good. It's very unlikely to go ahead in the current climate but it is the right long-term solution IMO, especially if HS2 Phase 2b is permanently shelved.
 

Grimsby town

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If the Scotland and Barrow services ran via "CrossNorth" and the WCML then there would be plenty of capacity via Bolton.

But yes, Chat Moss becomes a bottleneck if there are ~8ph feeding onto the line from CrossNorth (eg, 4ph Liverpool, 2ph WCML, 2ph Chester/Wales). 4ph to Liverpool would just-about fit in amongst the stoppers at the Liverpool end, but there is very little space for local services at the Manchester end. One solution could be to extend the CrossNorth tunnel to surface west of the M60, bypassing Eccles/Patricroft, or there could be space for passing loops at Eccles.
I believe that would lead to longer journey times on the Scotland services as a result? Is there capacity to send both services via the WCML, particularly when the new Stalybridge to Wigan service is factored in? The services might just about fit among the stoppers on the run into Liverpool, but will they do so reliably? It also leaves little scope to improve the poor service some of the local stations recieve on that line.

If you're extending the tunnel another 5 miles, the cost advantage over the HS2 routes starts to dissappear. This is why schemes like NPR and HS2 are so large, doing a series a smaller of schemes just leads to creating capacity issues elsewhere. The UK rail network is too full and has too many bottlenecks for small, easy fixes.
 

CdBrux

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Not sure that "High Speed", which I understand is >125mph, was ever planned for NPR new build part.
The more pressing question is what really is the objective of new / highly upgraded rail infrastructure accross the M62 corridor. Is it to provide considerably reduced journey times with more frequent services from Liverpool, through Manchester to Leeds and beyond which is intercity agglomeration, or to provide better connectivity within the various city regions. I'm not really sure this has ever been fully answered hence the various different ideas as to potential solutions.
 

Ben427

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The challenge is that NPR is needed to increase available capacity on the Transpennine routes to improve local services by removing faster long distance services. The transpennine route carries far too much of a mix of traffic and the mix between stoppers and fast services (plus freight) causes bottlenecks. There's already challenges in fitting in new stations in growth areas because the line is too full. TRU will only do so much.

And NPR was not just the NW with an extension tacked onto Yorkshire (despite what Andy Burnham thinks); it includes Leeds-Sheffield improvements, Manchester to Sheffield, Leeds to Bradford etc even ignoring the scope creep in Network North.

Unfortunately what will happen is that Manchester will get some shiny new infrastructure that does nothing for the broader north.

Essentially NPR will end up like HS2; promised much but the first sections only built (the line promised to Standedge tunnels will never happen) benefiting the most prosperous areas in the respective region with the best transport systems.
 

HSTEd

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If NPR is to be built at all, it should be high speed.

Upgrades or "classic" railways are unlikely to deliver the sort of service improvements that would justify their enormous cost and ongoing operational subsidies.
The existing railways are fundamentally unfit for the traffic demands being placed upon them, too many stations, too curved, too small a loading gauge and too hemmed in by development. Plus ancient infrastructure consumes valuable maintenance resources and constrains operational practices.

It is essentially impossible to overcome those limitations, and a new route is required - but we must also not give in to the siren call of "reopenings", for the routes that could be reopened are just as flawed as the ones that remain open.
 

CdBrux

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If NPR is to be built at all, it should be high speed.

Upgrades or "classic" railways are unlikely to deliver the sort of service improvements that would justify their enormous cost and ongoing operational subsidies.
The existing railways are fundamentally unfit for the traffic demands being placed upon them, too many stations, too curved, too small a loading gauge and too hemmed in by development. Plus ancient infrastructure consumes valuable maintenance resources and constrains operational practices.

It is essentially impossible to overcome those limitations, and a new route is required - but we must also not give in to the siren call of "reopenings", for the routes that could be reopened are just as flawed as the ones that remain open.

How do you define "High Speed"? From my limited understanding, mostly gleaned from forums like this, if the speed goes much above say 140mph then:
1. You don't save much time on NPR even running n on stop from Liverpool to Manchester then to Leeds (which you are probably not going to do)
2. Rolling stock becomes more bespoke
3. Infrastructure becomes more expensive to build / maintain thanks to higher specifications needed
Which is why the various planned HS2 spurs are not designed for more than, I think, 140mph and neither IIRC is HS1 between St Pancras & Ebbsfleet
I do agree a new route or mostly new route is probably best.
 

HSTEd

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How do you define "High Speed"? From my limited understanding, mostly gleaned from forums like this, if the speed goes much above say 140mph then:
1. You don't save much time on NPR even running n on stop from Liverpool to Manchester then to Leeds (which you are probably not going to do)
Well, using Japan Shinkansen as an example, a simplistic analysis suggests that running Liverpool-Warrington-Manchester-Huddersfield-Leeds (stopping at each one) would be expected to take on order of ~40 minutes with an operational average speed of around 100mph.
High-performance trains running with high top speeds can provide you with far more than simply shaving a few minutes off the headline journey time. That is one thing that they can do sure, but these sorts of speeds (~260-300km/h) can provide us with stopping trains that beat the conventional expresses. That sort of performance boost would allow radical timetable and service simplifications that have "non-linear" effects beyond simple journey times.

The idea that high speed requires long non-stop runs certainly made sense in the era of TGVs and loco-hauled high-speed operations, where their poor acceleration performance seriously constrained their ability to take advantage of the high top speeds.
However, so far as I can tell, we now live in a world where 320km/h top-speed trainsets can have every single axle motored and can take off like a tube train (at least for the first thirty seconds!).

2. Rolling stock becomes more bespoke
In my view, British railways rolling stock is pretty much always bespoke, that's just what happens when you have non-standard loading gauge and other requirements.
Rolling stock costs are also only a small portion of the cost of new construction, whatever specification it is built to - so I'm not sure it is really sensible to constrain a line that will inevitable cost many billions to save a few tens of millions in rolling stock.

3. Infrastructure becomes more expensive to build / maintain thanks to higher specifications needed
Which is why the various planned HS2 spurs are not designed for more than, I think, 140mph and neither IIRC is HS1 between St Pancras & Ebbsfleet
I do agree a new route or mostly new route is probably best.
These effects do exist, but experience with HS1 and HS2 would seem to indicate that they don't become extreme until you get to the very edge of available performance (~360-400km/h).
Indeed the cost increment over a 125mph for the 186mph parts of HS1 was reportedly very small at the time.

EDIT:
I just checked, an N700S trainset only becoems power limited on acceleration at around ~110km/h (~65mph). Up to that point it can accelerate almost like a tube train.
 
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