Having been on a cab ride on a DMU on the Battlefield Line at Bosworth, I got to press the buzzer (2 buzzes) to tell the driver to go. I was wondering what system it uses, as I can't find any information anywhere on the internet.
The buzzers themselves are just a simple electromechanical setup. Applying a voltage (24v) across them causes the armature to vibrate and to create the buzzing sound you hear.
I'll have a look and see if I can find you a photo of the inside of one, knowing my luck I'll only have a picture with the cover on.
The only photo I can find in my collection is the one in the cab of 121032 when it visited Llangollen three years ago. You can see the buzzer in the top of the photo, along with the TPWS panel and the Air & Axle panel.
121032 Cab by
Karl [Headshot119], on Flickr
This next photo shows the driving desk, the buzzer is the small push switch next to the key lock.
121032 Cab by
Karl [Headshot119], on Flickr
As for how the circuit works (As mentioned below there are probably exceptions to this rule):
The Driver must have inserted his FG1 key (Different to the key used in more modern units) into a desk somewhere in the formation, this is usually in the leading cab.
This will energise wires 33 and 34. Very important, without these two wires being energised the buzzers won't work, either in the cab, or in the guards van.
When either the driver or guard presses the buzzer button; which is a simple push to make button, you connect wire 33 and 34 together through the buzzers. Meaning they will sound right down the train.
The buzzers will also sound if a handbrake (Fitted with a switch) is on, this connects wire 42 and 34 together through the buzzers, and cause the buzzers to sound constantly until the offending handbrake is taken off.
If you need any further information just let me know.
JonFun. Yes the Driver needs to have inserted his key but no key is required for operation by the Guard.
DavetheGuard. Yes, this was true of all Southern Region slam-door multiple unit stock and indeed the 508/455 family. The Guard had to insert the 21 key in for operation.
As the OP is referring to the Battlefield line, so it's a first generation DMU he's asking about.
Most if not all (The lovely thing about the first generation units is the exceptions to the rules) require an FG1 key to be in a drivers desk somewhere in the formation before the buzzer will work anywhere on the formation.
A good hint the driver isn't ready!