How do TOCs purchase fuel?

[anothertyke]

Do they operate in the forward market, hedging, as some airlines do? Do they purchase independently of each other?

Apologies if there are other threads about this. if so could you redirect.

 

[Clarence Yard]

Yes, they do hedge. Fuel has also sometimes been purchased on an owning group basis rather than by individual TOC.

 

[hwl]

Do they operate in the forward market, hedging, as some airlines do? Do they purchase independently of each other?

Apologies if there are other threads about this. if so could you redirect.

TOC (and FOC) hedging strategies are similar to the better end of the airline industry practices.

 

[anothertyke]

Thanks to you both.