I know we are in a different world from the past. There was a whole myriad of things we used to do that are total no-no s now (generally for the better). It's just that sometimes I think the modern rules are in place for the modern CYOA (Cover Your Own Arse) mentality rather than an over riding duty to passengers and colleagues. There were wooden paddles to shore up defective shoe gear AND to move people off conductor rails. The CYOA element would not have you using them for the latter these days.
I've come through driver training fairly recently and this was mentioned as a possible emergency scenario.
One could absolutely use the paddles, as long as the short-circuit bar is applied first, and that's assuming it's safe to get down from the cab.
Though nowadays with GSM-R it's probably faster just to make an urgent or emergency call to the signaller and have him obtain an emergency switch-off.
750VDC does "just cook" you, but not immediately, and only the part of the body that bridges the conductor rail to the running rail. As others have noted, ballast is not a very good conductor to earth.