The Stagecoach X19 stops there IIRC - this service used to have through fares onto GNER services to/from London at Doncaster (since GNER preferred passengers to use connecting coaches than having to share ORCATS money by having them use local train services...). So you could go Barnsley - London that way, and GNER would pick up almost all of the money, rather than passengers using trains via Sheffield when Midland Mainline would get most of the revenue.
However I'm not aware of any through tickets from the X19 onto trains at Goldthorpe.