From observation today, I do not think there are any mileposts between Altrincham and Hale, just paint marks under the bridges and under Altrincham Platform 4. North of Altrincham there are 7_1/2 and 7_1/4 markers either side of Navigation Road station. These are of the BR metal "V" type, with dots below the number to denote the quarter miles. They are on the west side of the formation, adjacent to the Metrolink lines.
Googling turned up
this discussion, where
Brian Begg-Robertson suggested that the posts you describe might be the original Cheshire Midland Railway ones from when the line was first built, before the CLC took it over.
Edit: the "LR" might stand for London Road, tending to confirm that they pre-date the construction of Central Station. However, this implies that their datum is Piccadilly, not Central!