What is a citizens’ assembly?
A citizens’ assembly is a broadly representative group of around 50 – 150 members of the public who are chosen, by lottery, to discuss and make recommendations on a specific policy question or set of questions as part of the policy-making process. This model is one of many under the umbrella of deliberative mini public, which also include citizens’ panels and citizens’ juries.
What is deliberative engagement?
Public engagement can take many forms. Participatory processes such as elections and referendums enable a very large group of citizens to directly take part in decision making. Deliberative processes focus on high quality dialogue and discussion, providing opportunities for fewer people to share and test their ideas before reaching an informed opinion or consensus on the topic. Participants discuss the topic among themselves and are supported by professional facilitators to consider each others views and the trade-offs of different policy options.
These models – including citizens’ assemblies – are tasked by legislatures and governments around the world to engage with a wide range of issues, including constitutional reform, climate change, electoral reform, and social policy issues.
How do citizens’ assemblies work?
Citizens’ assemblies have three core phases – learning, deliberation and decision making – which set them apart from other forms of public consultation such as focus groups and opinion polling.
- Participants are provided with detailed information – presentations and Q&A sessions – about the issue at hand from a range of experts, stakeholders, and advocates.
- They engage in discussions in small groups and plenaries, facilitated independently – not by the commissioning organisations – aiming to consider the range of evidence and understand the issue from multiple perspectives.
- The assembly members come to some conclusions based on what they have learnt.
Assemblies are often overseen by an advisory group with membership drawn from a range of perspectives and expertise. They will play a role in shaping the topic selection and materials used by the assembly members, to ensure as far as possible that participants are presented with accurate, comprehensive and balanced information. Information on designs, sessions, materials and presentations – but not discussions – may also be placed online to ensure there is transparency in the process.
An assembly usually meets over several weekends, across a few months, although the length of time varies for different assemblies.
What is the outcome of a citizens’ assembly?
The outcome of a citizens' assembly is typically a set of recommendations or decisions that are presented to policymakers and/or the wider public. The way that these are presented will vary, for example in Ireland there is a formal process whereby recommendations are sent to a dedicated parliamentary committee to consider and report to government. The government is not obliged to accept the recommendations but it sets a timetable for implementation and if it is not accepting any of the recommendations it has to say why.