I've attempted to list examples of as many "types" of siding I can think of (as opposed to local names of sidings, or sidings named after the company they serve). Many of them have already been mentioned in this thread. Most are fairly self-explanatory, referring to a commodity handled or the function of the siding.
BORDESLEY AGGREGATE SIDING
FORDERS SIDINGS A&D LINE
SWINDON AUTO SIDINGS
PORTSMOUTH & SOUTHSEA BACK RD
SANDICARE BALLAST SIDINGS
STEWARTS LANE BERTHING SIDING
BRIGHTON CARRIAGE ROAD
SHEFFIELD CARRIAGE SIDINGS
EASTLEIGH AXIOM C&W SDGS [Carraige & Wagon]
DONCASTER CHS [Carriage Holding Sidings]
Holyhead Cattle Dock
CRAIGO CE SDGS [Civil Engineers]
WESTBURY CEMENT SIDINGS
LLANWERN COAL SIDINGS
SCUNTHORPE COKE SIDINGS
Mansfield Concentration Sidings
TRAFFORD PARK CRIPPLE SIDINGS
WEMBLEY CUSTOMS HOLDING SIDINGS
HEREFORD DIESEL SIDINGS
LLANELLI DOCK SIDINGS
GASCOIGNE WOOD DOWN SDGS
WESTBURY DMU SIDINGS
WEST EALING EMU SIDINGS
OLD OAK COMMON ENGINE SIDING
UTTOXETER ENGINEERS SIDING
FOXTON EXCHANGE SIDINGS
NEVILLE HILL FUEL POINT
LAIRA DEPOT FUEL ROAD
NEWTON HEATH FUEL SIDING
ALLERTON GAS SIDINGS
SEVENOAKS GUSSET SDG
ARPLEY SIDINGS H.S. [Holding Sidings]
KETTERING HOT BOX SIDING
KIRTON LIME SIDINGS
IPSWICH LOCO SIDINGS
WEMBLEY LOCO HOLDING SIDINGS
ROCHESTER UP LAYBY SDGS
DOLLANDS MOOR LOCO REPAIR SIDING
AVONMOUTH LPG SIDINGS
LAWLEY STREET MAINTENANCE SIDING
DONCASTER MIDDLE ROAD
CLAPHAM JUNCTION MIDDLE SIDING
THORESBY SIDINGS NECK
HOLYBOURNE OIL SIDINGS
YORK SKELTON OTM SIDINGS
DONCASTER PAPER SDGS
CARNFORTH PLANT SIDING
IMMINGHAM HENDERSON QUAY
MOSSEND WEST 1 REPAIR POINT
ABERTHAW (CEMENT) REPAIR SIDING
DITTON RECEPTION SIDINGS
STONEHAVEN REFUGE SIDINGS
POWDERHALL REFUSE SIDINGS
SANDHILLS REVERSING SDG
TEES YARD SECTIONAL SIDINGS REPAIR POINT
DONCASTER RAILPORT SPINE ROAD
CREWE GRESTY ROAD SPOIL SDGS
KETTERING STABLING SIDINGS
SHEFFIELD STATION SIDINGS
Bescot Down Storage Sidings
EASTBOURNE TAMPER SIDINGS
GRESTY GREEN THROUGH SIDING
GRAIN THAMESPORT TIMBER SIDING
SWINDON TRANSFER SIDINGS
WILLESDEN HL TURNBACK SIDING
WELWYN GARDEN CITY UP SIDINGS
EASTLEIGH WAGON EXAM SIDING
ILFORD EMUD WHEEL LATHE ROAD
Shunt neck always. Never heard headshunt except in modelling and heritage circles.
The Shunt Neck / Neck / Headshunt conundrum is an interesting one. All three are used in location names in TOPS and on Quail maps.
This extract from a method of working for Acton yard is interesting, as it makes reference to both a "West End Headshunt" and a neck at the east end.
Three Engineers’ Sidings with a neck at the East end are located to the far north of the site...The West End of Engineers’ Road No. 3 extends into the West End Headshunt via the ‘Sand Road’.
The Neck is used for Light-Locomotive movements primarily during run-rounds and for some stabling of Locomotives as and when required
In this context, the east end "neck" is referring to a short siding that could accommodate 2 locos maximum, while the "West End Headshunt" at 58 SLU is used to shunt complete trains from the reception sidings to the rest of the yard. Compared to these extremes, a "shunt neck" sounds to me like an intermediate length designed for shunting movements, without necessarily being long enough for a complete train.
I don't think the usage is consistent and I've not seen it defined anywhere, although the terms "head" and "neck" suggest a common analogy with the human body (I suppose the torso would be the main bulk of the yard in comparison). Examples below from TOPS:
03055 DUNDEE HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
17191 HOLBECK DEPOT HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
19103 HULL SIDINGS HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
21250 IMMINGHAM HIT HEADSHUNT RR DB CARGO
36409 DITTON RECEPTION HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
49397 PARKESTON CARLESS REF HSHT NETWORK RAIL
49398 PARKESTON CARLESS CRV HSHT NETWORK RAIL
51320 WEST THURROCK HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
55224 BEESTON HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
65921 STOURBRIDGE JN HEADSHUNT CHILTERN RAILWAY
67124 WORCESTER MIDDLE SDG HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
70336 CLAYDON EAST HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
70337 CLAYDON WEST HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
73102 ROYAL OAK HEADSHUNT PADDINGTON NETWORK RAIL
74467 OXFORD DOWN HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
82104 WESTBURY DOWN TC HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
86210 WOKING DOWN RECP HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
87073 EFFINGHAM JN HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
87258 HERNE HILL HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
87585 NEW CROSS GATE (CSD) HEADSHUNT ARRIVA RAIL LONDON
88434 GROVE PARK UP HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
88504 SLADE GN DEPOT EAST HEADSHUNT NETWORK RAIL
89701 EUROTUNNEL DEPOT HEADSHUNT EUROPORTE CHANNEL
---------------------------------------------
07308 COATBRIDGE FLT SHUNT NECK FREIGHTLINER
09178 CARLISLE NE SHUNT NECK NETWORK RAIL
17176 STOURTON SHUNT NECK SIG S912 NETWORK RAIL
28406 THORESBY SDGS NECK NETWORK RAIL
42182 CREWE SHUNTING NECK NETWORK RAIL
42195 GRESTY GREEN SIDINGS NECK NETWORK RAIL
49224 IPSWICH SHUNT NECK 1 NETWORK RAIL
64226 COLEHAM SHUNT NECK NETWORK RAIL
67005 UP BROMSGROVE NECK NETWORK RAIL
69439 RESERVOIR NECK NETWORK RAIL
70297 BLETCHLEY SHUNT NECK NETWORK RAIL
72403 EUSTON DOWN CARR SHUNT NECK 1 RAIL EXPRESS SYSTEMS
87982 HAYWARDS HEATH DOWN NECK NETWORK RAIL
88017 BRIGHTON DOWN NECK SDG NETWORK RAIL
88292 ST LEONARDS SHUNT NECK NETWORK RAIL