All airlines work on a parking stand to parking stand basis and build in contingency time, which as pointed out depends on the airport(s) involved and possibly the time of day/year in selected cases. People often say it's a ploy to keep flights on time, but I think it's entirely sensible in the majority of cases because the vast majority of travellers prefer to be on schedule.
On a recent Munich-London trip, I flew easyJet into Gatwick and returned with Lufthansa from Heathrow. EasyJet blocks the sector at 2h00 eastbound (1h55 westbound) and Lufthansa 1h50 (1h45 eastbound), on paper it looks like easyJet is slightly more generous as they fly into a less congested airport at the London end and have less distance to fly on most routings.
However, on the easyJet flight we pushed back slightly late due to people stuck in security queues and then had to travel to the far end of the airport to be deiced. We then had to hold for takeoff and then before landing at Gatwick and so clocked up a delay of 15-20 minutes past the scheduled arrival time on stand. On the Lufthansa flight, we pushed back bang on time and waited a very short time to take off, on stand 25 minutes ahead of schedule in Munich.
Another factor are the turnaround times which may affect how much extra time is needed. Ryanair often works on a quick 25 minutes arrival on stand to push back, easyJet 25-45 minutes and Lufthansa/BA are often an hour on short-haul flights.