That's interesting, I hadn't thought about the ETCS. My theory was that the crew on one didn't sign the Cambrian, but that sounds more likely.E.g. with inoperable ETCS at either end a set cannot go east of Shrewsbury so the set from Aberyswyth turns back again. It can be quite slick if one is on platform 5 and the other alongside on 4.
Also Dovey Jn if a Pwllheli set is turned round, plus a range of other regular locations across ATW’s unique(?) set swap network.In my experience, set swaps at Shrewsbury and Mach are becoming increasingly common. Also happens if one train is just 2 cars, or a unit needs refuelling.