Reform cannot be both a big party and populated entirely by racists with no grasp of reality.
I wouldn't be as blunt as to say they're "racists with no grasp of reality." But yes, a party can be a big party yet its supporter base can be concentrated around one or two topics. A "big party" is one which has support of perhaps 25%-35% of people; a hefty minority, but still only a minority.
Back in June the National Centre for Social Research released a paper about the demographics and political outlook of Reform supporters. It is worth a read:
https://natcen.ac.uk/publications/bsa-43-who-supports-reform
Some of it covers what we already know: Reform supporters tend to be older, whiter, poorer, and have lower levels of academic attainment than the average population.
But they also researched how socially conservative Reform voters are:
Reform supporters are especially conservative on cultural issues and are less supportive of welfare provision.
75% of Reform supporters believe that migrants who come to Britain undermine the country’s culture. Only 35% of the general public agree with them.
Support for the party stands at 49% among those who would vote to stay out of the EU, while just 9% of those who would vote to rejoin back Reform.
88% of Reform supporters believe that attempts to give equal opportunities to transgender people have ‘gone too far’, well above the proportion among the public in general (48%).
78% of Reform supporters say that ‘benefits for unemployed people are too high’, compared with 60% of the general public.
I think the first statistic is particularly startling. Only 35% of people overall believe that migration undermines British culture, however 75% of Reform voters think this. This applies to other equalities policies too:
It shows that Reform supporters are markedly more inclined to be sceptical about attempts to increase equal opportunities for those belonging to minority groups. As many as 88% believe that attempts to give equal opportunities to transgender people have ‘gone too far’, well above the 48% figure among the general public. Similarly, 52% of Reform supporters express that view about opportunities for lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals, while 51% say the same of Black and Asian people. Among people in general the figures were 27% and – most notably - just 17% respectively.
What was also interesting was the research into whether Reform voters are economically left-wing or economically right-wing. The answer was marginally more right wing- 21% of those on the economic right support Reform and 15% on the economic left support Reform- but only marginally. Only 37% of Reform supporters are on the economic right, though, compared to 58% for the Conservatives.
Reform supporters are not so distinctive on this dimension. At 22%, support for the party among those on the right is somewhat higher than among those on the left (15%), but the gap is only seven percentage points. Just 37% of Reform supporters are on the right – well below the equivalent figure for the Conservatives (58%), for whom the gap between left and right is as much as 21 points. Meanwhile, Labour and (especially) the Greens are more popular among those on the left than those on the right; just over half (53%) of Green supporters stand on the left, which means that, in contrast to Reform, the party’s support is ideologically concentrated on both dimensions.
The research does, therefore, tend to suggest that Reform voters are congregating around Reform's socially conservative policies, particularly in relation to immigration, rather than anything else.
The last thing to note is that Reform voters are more likely to be struggling financially:
Reform supporters are certainly relatively unhappy about their personal economic circumstances. Support for the party stands at 23% among those who are struggling on their household income (with those who do not support any party now included in the denominator), compared with 15% among those who say they are living comfortably. As a result, almost as many Reform supporters say they are struggling on their current income (27%) as say they are living comfortably (30%). In contrast, among the public in general those living comfortably (37%) considerably outnumber those who say they are struggling (22%)
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So whilst they may be socially conservative and anti-immigration, it's hard to know whether this is driven by racism or xenophobia or whether it is driven by economic hardship. They may be racist or they may be blaming the wrong people for their financial woes, or maybe both.
There is a strong thread of performative cruelty which runs through the party.
That's because their supporters are far more authoritarian than the average:
Table 5 shows, for each of the five main political parties in Britain, their level of support in our latest survey broken down by where they stand on our libertarian-authoritarian dimension. It reveals that support for Reform is heavily concentrated among those at the authoritarian end of the spectrum. No less than 34% of authoritarians support Reform, enough to make it by far the most popular party among this group, whereas just 5% of libertarians regard themselves as a supporter of the party. As many as three in five (60%) Reform supporters hold views that put them among the one-third most authoritarian.