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Fife Rail Electrification/Decarbonisation

waverley47

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I'd like to think that the Tay Bridge is in decent enough condition, given that it had a multi-year refurbishment not that long ago.
It's in a decent condition, but adding the weight of conductor rail, which is reasonably heavy itself, and masts to the already quite strict weight limits over the high girders might put too much weight down through the columns for the structures team to be comfortable with, hence necessitating strengthening
 
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Mordac

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It takes a long time to procure trains, because these are very high-value contracts with major risks to all parties concerned. See the Ireland new Enterprise fleet order for an idea of what's at stake.

The procurement notice was issued on November 5 for the ScotRail BEMUs, but it could take until Spring of 2028 to select a preferred supplier: https://www.railbusinessuk.com/uk-2...battery-and-electric-train-fleet-procurement/
Then what's the point doing the electrification now? Either way you look at it they could be doing something else with that money (electrifying Maryhill to Anniesland?) and then time it so the wiring does stay there unused for years.
 

N1

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Then what's the point doing the electrification now? Either way you look at it they could be doing something else with that money (electrifying Maryhill to Anniesland?) and then time it so the wiring does stay there unused for years.
Doing it in a steady stream drives down captial cost. Significantly cheaper in Scotland vs England & Wales currently. Basically got a moderate sized team at SPL continuously employed doing electrification somewhere.

I wouldn't expect Maryhill needs any electrification done to enable BEMU operation, except maybe a small extension at Anniesland.
 

John R

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Then what's the point doing the electrification now? Either way you look at it they could be doing something else with that money (electrifying Maryhill to Anniesland?) and then time it so the wiring does stay there unused for years.
Given they don’t have enough emus to run a full electric service to East Kilbride, what units would use suggest they use for that service?

It’s a multi-year infrastructure project that has to start somewhere.
 

hwl

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Given they don’t have enough emus to run a full electric service to East Kilbride, what units would use suggest they use for that service?

It’s a multi-year infrastructure project that has to start somewhere.
Agreed and the aim is for the new EMUs to be delivered first which will deliver a full EK electric service (there are also a few other diagrams with diesel operated services that could be electric if there were more EMUs).
 

Highlander1

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Then what's the point doing the electrification now? Either way you look at it they could be doing something else with that money (electrifying Maryhill to Anniesland?) and then time it so the wiring does stay there unused for years.
So they're supposed to wait until the trains have arrived before they do the work? So we the tax payer are paying to lease trains that can't be used?
 

68000

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Then what's the point doing the electrification now? Either way you look at it they could be doing something else with that money (electrifying Maryhill to Anniesland?) and then time it so the wiring does stay there unused for years.
Having a fleet of trains stabled waiting for infrastructure work to be completed is a much worse scenario than having the infrastructure waiting for the fleet of trains.
 

hwl

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Having a fleet of trains stabled waiting for infrastructure work to be completed is a much worse scenario than having the infrastructure waiting for the fleet of trains.
The other key missing point is that this is the 1st round of electrification works and TS already have another in advanced planning to release more diesel units, delaying Fife and Waverley works would then delay those second round of schemes. People need to look at the overall picture not an individual scheme timing....
 
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The other key missing point is that this is the 1st round of electrification works and TS already have another in advanced planning to release more diesel units, delaying Fife and Waverley works would then delay those second round of schemes. People need to look at the overall picture not an individual scheme timing....

What are those advanced works? Dundee area is more discontinuous stuff, so do you mean more work on the GSW route?
 

hwl

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What are those advanced works? Dundee area is more discontinuous stuff, so do you mean more work on the GSW route?
Dundee - Aberdeen discontinuous.

If the (sensible) aim is a pipeline for the specialist work to keep costs down then you end up working backwards from nominal deadlines hence pushing on with Fife and Borders now.
 

QueensCurve

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Kinghorn Tunnel would take the best part of a couple of years on its own. The tunnel reboring took seven months, but that was after close to two years of ground investigations and preparations, and that was with a second tunnel to operate a single line working system.
I the tunnel reboring in the past tense the reboring of Farnworth Tunnel? In the case of Kinghorn there is a diversionary route via Dunfermline.
For the duration of the seven months or so of reboring, you'd be closing completely the line down the coast from Kirkcaldy to Burntisland. There's no easy site access nearby, so that's bringing stuff in and out along the line some distance, which just slows down the overall works. The nearest building to Farnworth tunnel was about 25m away horizontally; there are buildings directly above the tunnel in Burntisland, and the occupants are not going to be very happy given what happened down south. Lastly but not lastly, there's a maze of mine workings, some undoubtedly very shallow, to be concerned about.
Are the ground conditions at Kinghorn similar to Farnworth?
there is a real concern that the weight of the overhead conductor rail that would need to be installed over the Tay, given it's location and how exposed it is, would need strengthening if the bridge, which probably isn't a terrible idea anyway.
Has that work been done? I imagine the wires could be supported from the high girders of the Tay Bridge and Portals would be required on the two ends of the bridge
 

waverley47

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I the tunnel reboring in the past tense the reboring of Farnworth Tunnel? In the case of Kinghorn there is a diversionary route via Dunfermline.

Yes that is the case. The diversionary route is there, but you're hobbling the entire local service for half the Fife circle for up to a year. Those are some very important commuter flows, and it's not immediately clear that such commuters wouldn't be lost to bus permanently after such a long blockade. You could, in theory, spin services from the south at Burntisland, but that's some hefty infrastructure interventions needed to do that.

Are the ground conditions at Kinghorn similar to Farnworth?

They're not dissimilar, but they're not exactly the same geology. The process of reboring would be similar; fill it with foamcrete and send in a TBM, and the difficulty associated with a very shallow tunnel would be similar.

The main issues however at Kinghorn would be the proximity of buildings above and adjacent, and a maze of shallow mine workings the whole way up and down the coast. As mentioned, the nearest building at Farnworth was 25m horizontally away, not 3m vertically.

Has that work been done? I imagine the wires could be supported from the high girders of the Tay Bridge and Portals would be required on the two ends of the bridge

The refurbishment in the early 2010s did address some of the weight issues, however it was mostly a very thorough and overdue refurbishment.
 

TrainViation

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Yes that is the case. The diversionary route is there, but you're hobbling the entire local service for half the Fife circle for up to a year. Those are some very important commuter flows, and it's not immediately clear that such commuters wouldn't be lost to bus permanently after such a long blockade. You could, in theory, spin services from the south at Burntisland, but that's some hefty infrastructure interventions needed to do that.
Depending on the order of construction, I wonder if the mainline or the inner circle would be fully electrified first, since there’s reasons for and against both.

The outer circle is the main route for all express trains, however has somewhat tricker terrain and much more tunnels involved.

The inner circle by counterexample has less big tunnels and easier terrain, although it is purely commuter traffic and is less NEEDED.

Or both lines would be electrified at the same time and I could just be waffling. :lol:
 

najaB

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My two pennies worth: if the inner circle (the route through Dunfermline) is completely wired then EMUs can operate the Leven to Edinburgh services. Electrifying via Kirkaldy all the way through to say Ladybank doesn't allow any existing route to go over to pure EMU operation.
 

MadMac

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My two pennies worth: if the inner circle (the route through Dunfermline) is completely wired then EMUs can operate the Leven to Edinburgh services. Electrifying via Kirkaldy all the way through to say Ladybank doesn't allow any existing route to go over to pure EMU operation.
Is there anything tunnel-wise via Cowdenbeath? In any event, whichever way you go first you still have to deal with the tunnels at North Queensferry and Inverkeithing.
 

TrainViation

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Is there anything tunnel-wise via Cowdenbeath? In any event, whichever way you go first you still have to deal with the tunnels at North Queensferry and Inverkeithing.
I just roughly went over Google maps and I counted 17 overbridges and 1 level crossing between Inverkeithing junction and the terminus of the current Fife electrification project phase 3. Some of the motorway bridges may be okay for clearances though.
 

najaB

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Is there anything tunnel-wise via Cowdenbeath? In any event, whichever way you go first you still have to deal with the tunnels at North Queensferry and Inverkeithing.
Those should at least be easier to deal with than Kinghorn, being somewhat greater diameter and relatively straight.

Edit: Today I learned that the tunnel at Queensferry apperently isn't really a tunnel. It's a cutting with a roof - which should make it even easier to electrify.
 
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matchmaker

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There are already APCO fitted at Dunblane and Haymarket
A bit further south than Dunblane - nearer Bridge of Allan.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

I'd like to think that the Tay Bridge is in decent enough condition, given that it had a multi-year refurbishment not that long ago.
I think that one of the restraints on the Tay Bridge is the fact that a large part of it is cast iron and wrought iron, which are not as strong as steel. The Forth Bridge is mainly steel.
 

NotATrainspott

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The rail industry engineers do an excellent job of trying to get upgrades and enhancements done without fundamental impact on lineside neighbours. With Kinghorn tunnel, I think it may be time to consider whether the easiest option is to just CPO the houses above the tunnel and move the residents out. If there's no one above, then the impacts of tunnelling subsidence are reduced. Utilities can be disconnected to prevent leaks and the risks they entail (e.g. gas). If the necessary permissions exist, then the houses could be demolished either in advance of work, or when the ground conditions mean it's not safe to continue any reboring operation below. Once the tunnel is rebored and the ground made secure, the land can be resold for housing. If the structures are still sound, then that's great. If not, then it's just some serviced plots with planning approval for replacement homes.

If we don't start embracing the opportunity to redevelop as part of upgrade works, then we'll never be able to make forward progress with rail or any other infrastructure. Over time, the range of projects which can be delivered by doing careful open heart surgery with minimal impact on neighbours is diminishing. Land gets sold off and easy upgrades get done early, leaving only reduced land and harder projects left to do. If we don't start resetting the law of diminishing returns by getting the bulldozer out, then nothing will ever get better.

The greatest taboo we seem to have nowadays with housing is this idea that our existing stock private owner-occupied housing is fundamentally perfect. If anything needs to be done, it can be done piecemeal and house-by-house (e.g. roof dormer, side return and garden extensions). But this isn't based in reality at all. Our housing stock is increasingly ancient and deeply unsuited to modern lifestyles. A nice old Victorian house that doesn't have consistent levels on the ground floor is an accessibility nightmare. A bathroom being a few cm too narrow means it's impossible to make it accessible. Most of the easy upgrades (e.g. fitting central heating) have already been done, but we've got a lot more we can do. And in a lot of the areas with the railway nearby, we just don't have enough housing at all. If the railway could redevelop the land near station upgrades into flats, then it could help pay for the scheme and result in more fare-paying passengers guaranteed for generations to come. The most successful passenger railways have always depended on residential property development as a core part of their business and we seem to have forgotten that, to our immense cost.
 

The exile

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The greatest taboo we seem to have nowadays with housing is this idea that our existing stock private owner-occupied housing is fundamentally perfect. If anything needs to be done, it can be done piecemeal and house-by-house (e.g. roof dormer, side return and garden extensions). But this isn't based in reality at all. Our housing stock is increasingly ancient and deeply unsuited to modern lifestyles. A nice old Victorian house that doesn't have consistent levels on the ground floor is an accessibility nightmare. A bathroom being a few cm too narrow means it's impossible to make it accessible. Most of the easy upgrades (e.g. fitting central heating) have already been done, but we've got a lot more we can do. And in a lot of the areas with the railway nearby, we just don't have enough housing at all. If the railway could redevelop the land near station upgrades into flats, then it could help pay for the scheme and result in more fare-paying passengers guaranteed for generations to come. The most successful passenger railways have always depended on residential property development as a core part of their business and we seem to have forgotten that, to our immense cost.
No - the “taboo” is quite rightly the height of the hurdle which has to be overcome before the “authorities” can ride roughshod over the wishes of property owners (or the individual in general). Planners and back-office theorists often make the mistake of assuming it’s all a matter of bricks and mortar and pounds and pence - but it isn’t. It’s also another reason why development projects are slower and more expensive here. Get the price right and almost any landlord will take the money and invest elsewhere. Someone whose parent was born in the cottage they’ve lived in for the last 70 years is more likely to resist, however much you offer them.
 

Dave61

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No - the “taboo” is quite rightly the height of the hurdle which has to be overcome before the “authorities” can ride roughshod over the wishes of property owners (or the individual in general). Planners and back-office theorists often make the mistake of assuming it’s all a matter of bricks and mortar and pounds and pence - but it isn’t. It’s also another reason why development projects are slower and more expensive here. Get the price right and almost any landlord will take the money and invest elsewhere. Someone whose parent was born in the cottage they’ve lived in for the last 70 years is more likely to resist, however much you offer them.
Having lived with the prospect of HS2 running past the end of our garden (before the East Leg got canned) and the street beyond facing demolition, I can certainly see both sides of the discussion.

It is not always just a case of compensating for the cost of the property to be demolised plus reasonable costs in moving, but also the resident getting at least a similar quality of both housing and life. I say "life" because in our case we are in quite a relativly low cost 2 bed semi built along the lines of a terraced house (complete with bathroom off the bedroom with a sloping roof!) and a tiny garden but the location more than makes up for that by being at the far end of a dead end street whilst being able to walk to just about any shop or service that we may need.

If we had a PCO the "market price" of our house would be so low that we would probably only be able to afford a house in a really run down or undesirable area - and what quality of life would there be then? I doubt we would be compensated for that.
 

najaB

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The rail industry engineers do an excellent job of trying to get upgrades and enhancements done without fundamental impact on lineside neighbours. With Kinghorn tunnel, I think it may be time to consider whether the easiest option is to just CPO the houses above the tunnel and move the residents out. If there's no one above, then the impacts of tunnelling subsidence are reduced. Utilities can be disconnected to prevent leaks and the risks they entail (e.g. gas). If the necessary permissions exist, then the houses could be demolished either in advance of work, or when the ground conditions mean it's not safe to continue any reboring operation below. Once the tunnel is rebored and the ground made secure, the land can be resold for housing. If the structures are still sound, then that's great. If not, then it's just some serviced plots with planning approval for replacement homes.
I see the principle in general, but in this particular case the cost of going down the compulsory purchase route might be quite high. A quick Google Maps survey says that there are at least 16 properties (some quite large) plus the A291 in the potential danger zone.

And the risk of damage to the properties above is less of an issue than the fact that it will require closing the route for an extended period, which would still be the case even if there weren't any properties above it - the process of foam concreting and tunnel boring isn't going to be quick.
 

Mordac

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So they're supposed to wait until the trains have arrived before they do the work? So we the tax payer are paying to lease trains that can't be used?
No, they're supposed to have both ready at (roughly) the same time, so that neither stands idle.
 

najaB

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No, they're supposed to have both ready at (roughly) the same time, so that neither stands idle.
That would be the ideal, but in a world where capital expenditures often have to be spread out over different years, and delivery scales can be quite different, it's often the case that one will have to wait for the other.
 

NotATrainspott

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Having lived with the prospect of HS2 running past the end of our garden (before the East Leg got canned) and the street beyond facing demolition, I can certainly see both sides of the discussion.

It is not always just a case of compensating for the cost of the property to be demolised plus reasonable costs in moving, but also the resident getting at least a similar quality of both housing and life. I say "life" because in our case we are in quite a relativly low cost 2 bed semi built along the lines of a terraced house (complete with bathroom off the bedroom with a sloping roof!) and a tiny garden but the location more than makes up for that by being at the far end of a dead end street whilst being able to walk to just about any shop or service that we may need.

If we had a PCO the "market price" of our house would be so low that we would probably only be able to afford a house in a really run down or undesirable area - and what quality of life would there be then? I doubt we would be compensated for that.
Well, this is the problem. But it can't be fixed unless we build more housing. And if railway CPO powers are always scoped to be as narrow as possible, then the whole process will end up gummed up. The more land the railway (or any infrastructure/development company) has the power to redevelop, the easier it is to provide suitable housing in the right place, at the right time, and at the right cost. It may well be that you're best off redeveloping land in the town centre to provide some new retirement flats that allow vulnerable residents of the street to move once, into fundamentally better accommodation.

This wouldn't be a problem if we actually fixed our development policy first, so that we actually had a surplus of appropriate housing everywhere. Our housing vacancy rate is far too low, and that means there's often no housing available to move into when needed. A long term railway CPO plan is the least challenging reason you might need to move. Far more difficult are cases like people becoming disabled overnight and being unable to ever move back home, or some sort of natural disaster makes their home unusable. We can stop the railway from nastily CPOing to demolish the house you've lived in for 70 years but nothing on earth will stop you from falling, breaking your hip and never being able to get upstairs to your bedroom ever again.

Railway CPO does have an immediate benefit and justification. If you were to demolish and redevelop any street of owner-occupied house in Fife, then Darney Terrace is pretty much the perfect candidate. Anyone can look the residents in the eye and say that there's a good chance that future tunnel works (including repairs) could cause their homes above to become uninhabitable. Moving everyone out and assuming all risk (by buying the properties upfront) gives the residents the best possible guarantee of safety and financial security, no matter the outcome. If the reboring works go to plan, then they can move back in once they're done.

I see the principle in general, but in this particular case the cost of going down the compulsory purchase route might be quite high. A quick Google Maps survey says that there are at least 16 properties (some quite large) plus the A291 in the potential danger zone.

And the risk of damage to the properties above is less of an issue than the fact that it will require closing the route for an extended period, which would still be the case even if there weren't any properties above it - the process of foam concreting and tunnel boring isn't going to be quick.

Is it the most expensive option? Reboring the tunnel means it's sorted pretty much forever. Construction inflation has been extraordinary and that means that approaches which simplify the construction process can end up being more efficient overall. If you know that no one lives above then you could, if you wanted to, just dig down and expose the tunnel from above if that turns out to be the safer and cheaper option. Reboring is definitely possible but it'll depend on a relatively rare set of skills and equipment. Just digging down from the top is something much more conventional and therefore cheaper. It's great that we do have lots of fancy options available to use but if we use them unnecessarily, we just end up burning money for no benefit. HS2 would be a lot cheaper if it weren't so dependent on those expensive TBMs with crews that have to be brought in from abroad and balanced against other jobs. If it were just out in the open, then anyone from a local construction college could do something useful with the right hire equipment.
 

najaB

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Is it the most expensive option? Reboring the tunnel means it's sorted pretty much forever. Construction inflation has been extraordinary and that means that approaches which simplify the construction process can end up being more efficient overall. If you know that no one lives above then you could, if you wanted to, just dig down and expose the tunnel from above if that turns out to be the safer and cheaper option. Reboring is definitely possible but it'll depend on a relatively rare set of skills and equipment. Just digging down from the top is something much more conventional and therefore cheaper. It's great that we do have lots of fancy options available to use but if we use them unnecessarily, we just end up burning money for no benefit. HS2 would be a lot cheaper if it weren't so dependent on those expensive TBMs with crews that have to be brought in from abroad and balanced against other jobs. If it were just out in the open, then anyone from a local construction college could do something useful with the right hire equipment.
If you go down that route then my guess is that the required take would be significantly more. The tunnel isn't particularly shallow, which would make the cutting comparatively wide - it seems to be around 30m wide just before the western tunnel portal, and 40m wide at the eastern. And this would still entail a relatively long closure of the line, though admittedly possibly shorter than reboring.
 

Mordac

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That would be the ideal, but in a world where capital expenditures often have to be spread out over different years, and delivery scales can be quite different, it's often the case that one will have to wait for the other.
Do you think in the private sector it would be acceptable to have an expensive asset depreciating for possibly years with barely any use? We are far too accepting of incompetence and waste in the government sector.
 

najaB

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Do you think in the private sector it would be acceptable to have an expensive asset depreciating for possibly years with barely any use?
It happens. Look at how often civils like motorway junctions are completed way ahead of construction of the industrial/business estate that's going to use them because they have to align with major road works being done by the highways agencies.
 

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