Britain is assembling a new force of northern navies to counter the rising maritime threat posed by Russia, the head of the Royal Navy has announced.
A group of 10 countries led by the UK will share equipment, train together and develop joint war plans for taking on Russia in northwest Europe and the High North, the First Sea Lord General Sir Gwyn Jenkins said.
He said that Russian incursions into British waters had increased by almost a third in the last two years, and “all the signs suggest this pattern of behaviour by Moscow will only worsen further in future”.
To deal with the threat, Jenkins announced that Britain is working with allies to create a “new partnership of Northern Navies, a multinational maritime force to defend Northwest Europe and the High North, with the UK at the helm”.
The force will involve the 10 countries in the existing military partnership know as the Joint Expeditionary Force (JEF): the UK, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.
Unlike the JEF, which operates episodically, the new initiative is intended to be a permanent force which would be much more closely integrated.
Jenkins said: “The reality is we must now deepen and evolve this partnership if we are to generate the collective combat power necessary to provide conventional deterrence along our open sea border with Russia.
“Like the current JEF model, it should not be seen as separate to Nato, but rather complementary to it. It would be a means for Nato to respond rapidly and seize the initiative in this strategically vital region.”
He went on: “I aim to create a maritime force that trains, exercises and prepares together. A force designed to fight immediately if required, with real capabilities, real war plans, and real integration.
Jenkins said that as well exporting Type 26 frigates to Norway and Canada, he was hopeful that “similar deals will soon be struck with other Northern allies”.
There is also an expectation that, as technology like drones and uncrewed ships develops, the countries in the alliance will work together to share the technology.
The Royal Navy would be by far the biggest fleet in the alliance, followed by the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway. Smaller countries like Estonia have particular capabilities in fields such as mine hunting.