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Pre-court settlement offer

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MRW2025

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My daughter has received a pre-court settlement letter, 17 months after an inspector found that she had bought a ticket with a 16-17 railcard, when what she had, at that time, was a 16-25 railcard.

The letter says that her railcard had expired, but she did have an active railcard, just not the right one (one that offered a 25% discount, rather than 33%). She had recently turned 18 at the time and she says this was a genuine mistake as the Trainline app defaults to a previously used railcard.

Anyway, having gone back and reviewed her previous ticket purchases, they have found quite a few (17!) instances where she paid for a child ticket when she was already 16 - I am not trying to justify this, but I think a high proportion of 16 year olds do this, without thinking of the possible consequences!

There are also a small number of instances where she bought a 16-17 saver ticket, in the 3 weeks between one 16-17 railcard expiring and us buying her another. All the purchases were for short journeys, but for their calculations they charge the difference between the fare she paid and what it would have cost to buy 2 x Anytime singles, so they are asking for £132 + their admin fee.

I was hoping to argue the case, but having gone through the list of purchases, I can recognise they are all for incorrect tickets. As a rule, we pay for train tickets and have valid railcards, so these are exceptions.

I don't think my daughter (or her parents!) appreciated how your train ticket record can be retrospectively checked in this way, so a valuable lesson for her, and for us, and a cautionary tale for her younger siblings.

My question is, can or will they really take someone to court for offences committed between the ages of 16-18, for a sum of £222?

I have learned that there is a statute of limitations on Railways Byelaw offences and, as summary offences, these cannot be heard in a magistrates court any later than 6 months after the date of the alleged offence. But they are also citing S5(3)a of the Regulation of Railways Act (1889) and section 2 of the Fraud Act 2006.

Should we/she just pay up? It's a lot of money to part with, but we don't want her to have to go to court or get a criminal record.

My extensive reading has led me to the recent ORR report and its Call for Evidence, as well as the ruling on train operating companies using the SJP for prosecuting fare evasion and lots of similar threads on this forum. It's all rather fascinating reading, but I am not a lawyer, so am a bit out of my depth! Any advice gratefully received.
 
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AlterEgo

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Just so we're clear, all of these offences happened *SEVENTEEN* months ago? That is, there are no more recent offences than that?
 

AlterEgo

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They cannot prosecute for any offence which happened over six months ago. I’d ignore the correspondence.

What train company is responsible for the letter?
 

MRW2025

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They cannot prosecute for any offence which happened over six months ago. I’d ignore the correspondence.

What train company is responsible for the letter?
Really? It is from GWR... In their email (sent with formal letter as an attachment), they apologise for the significant delay in writing, which they explain is due to a shortage of staff.
 

WesternLancer

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Really? It is from GWR... In their email (sent with formal letter as an attachment),

they apologise for the significant delay in writing, which they explain is due to a shortage of staff.
Not really your problem but at least they are trying to explain I guess...

How old is she now?

They will keep hassling for the money, and she / you may want to avoid this.

They may (some rail companies have started this and I think this includes GWR) possibly instigate civil proceedings for the debt (as opposed to criminal proceeding for the evasion which would happen if this was ignored and you were over 18 - or presumably over 18 when it happened) - not sure how that works if you are under 18 but people here will know how realistic that possibility is.

paying it would presumably make all this stop and draw a line under the matter.

Also be aware that her name and address is on their radar - if she comes to their attention again (esp when over 18) and see this record on their file - along with all the digital finger prints - you might expect them to take a firm stance on it when they can. By 'coming to their attention again' I mean getting stopped for any kind of ticket irregularity - intentionally or genuine mistake it makes no difference re rail ticketing law AFAIK

Might be worth you looking at the GWR Revenue Protection Policy pdf document on their website (or in hard copy from GWR ticket offices where I saw one on display a few weeks ago when getting a ticket over the counter - no digital fingerprints left behind.... :lol:)

If she has brought the wrong tickets on a lot of occasions, and depending on t he length of journey, the £222 might be a low sum they are demanding - they usually charge c£100+ just for the 'admin' of looking into these sorts of cases when they know they have a clear ability to bring a prosecution but are opening to settle out of court - see other threads for examples.
 

jfollows

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For example https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/legal/guidance/time-limits-for-commencing-criminal-proceedings#:~:text=Time limits for summary only offences&text=Under these provisions, a magistrates,the commission of the offence.

Time limits for summary only offences​

The Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 (MCA 1980) imposes time limits for commencing criminal proceedings which can only be heard in the magistrates’ court (known as summary only offences), unless another time limit has been set by statute. Under these provisions, a magistrates' court may not try a defendant for a summary offence unless the information was laid (application for summons made) within six months from the date of the commission of the offence. This is replicated in Criminal Procedure Rules 2020 (CrimPR 2020), SI 2020/759, r 7.2(10). Provided the information is laid (or application for a summons made) within that time, it does not matter if the summons is not issued by the court within that time limit.
Plenty of similar statements, see https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1980/43/section/127

Limitation of time.​

(1)Except as otherwise expressly provided by any enactment and subject to subsection (2) below, a magistrates’ court shall not try an information or hear a complaint unless the information was laid, or the complaint made, within 6 months from the time when the offence was committed, or the matter of complaint arose.
(2)Nothing in—
(a)subsection (1) above; or
(b)subject to subsection (4) below, any other enactment (however framed or worded) which, as regards any offence to which it applies, would but for this section impose a time-limit on the power of a magistrates’ court to try an information summarily or impose a limitation on the time for taking summary proceedings,
shall apply in relation to any indictable offence.
(3)Without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (b) of subsection (2) above, that paragraph includes enactments which impose a time-limit that applies only in certain circumstances (for example, where the proceedings are not instituted by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions or some other specified authority).
(4)Where, as regards any indictable offence, there is imposed by any enactment (however framed or worded, and whether falling within subsection (2) (b) above or not) a limitation on the time for taking proceedings on indictment for that offence no summary proceedings for that offence shall be taken after the latest time for taking proceedings on indictment.
See also https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2020/759/contents for Criminal Procedure Rules 2020
 
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MRW2025

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Not really your problem but at least they are trying to explain I guess...

How old is she now?

They will keep hassling for the money, and she / you may want to avoid this.

They may (some rail companies have started this and I think this includes GWR) possibly instigate civil proceedings for the debt (as opposed to criminal proceeding for the evasion which would happen if this was ignored and you were over 18 - or presumably over 18 when it happened) - not sure how that works if you are under 18 but people here will know how realistic that possibility is.

paying it would presumably make all this stop and draw a line under the matter.

Also be aware that her name and address is on their radar - if she comes to their attention again (esp when over 18) and see this record on their file - along with all the digital finger prints - you might expect them to take a firm stance on it when they can. By 'coming to their attention again' I mean getting stopped for any kind of ticket irregularity - intentionally or genuine mistake it makes no difference re rail ticketing law AFAIK

Might be worth you looking at the GWR Revenue Protection Policy pdf document on their website (or in hard copy from GWR ticket offices where I saw one on display a few weeks ago when getting a ticket over the counter - no digital fingerprints left behind.... :lol:)

If she has brought the wrong tickets on a lot of occasions, and depending on t he length of journey, the £222 might be a low sum they are demanding - they usually charge c£100+ just for the 'admin' of looking into these sorts of cases when they know they have a clear ability to bring a prosecution but are opening to settle out of court - see other threads for examples.
She is 19 now. She had just turned 18 when they checked her ticket and found she had paid the wrong price.
Most of the journeys were for her to go to work in our nearest town, so relatively low fares.
I take your point about paper tickets.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

But I am not sure if this applies if they go down the civil route, or pursue the matter under the Fraud Act, in which case perhaps it would come under the jurisdiction of a different kind of court?
 

jfollows

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But I am not sure if this applies if they go down the civil route, or pursue the matter under the Fraud Act, in which case perhaps it would come under the jurisdiction of a different kind of court?
Yes, fair point, but I am not sure if the Fraud Act is anything other than a threat rather than a real avenue for prosecution, I may be wrong though….
 

Tevion539

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Yes, fair point, but I am not sure if the Fraud Act is anything other than a threat rather than a real avenue for prosecution, I may be wrong though….
Fraud has a much higher bar to pass. It has been successfully applied before if I recall correctly, but it’s very rare. Something like this would never go as far as a fraud conviction, I’m almost 100% sure. In fact, I’d be very surprised if they pursued a fraud charge.
 

furlong

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It would be interesting to see the key parts of the letter. If it mentions the byelaws or RORA offences, does it also acknowledge it is now too late to prosecute these offences or is the letter potentially misleading you, perhaps to the point that it would undermine any settlement entered into that relied on the contents of the letter and even make it difficult to rely upon any reply to it in court?

IMHO The amount should only be based on undiscounted Anytime Singles if that's the fare she would have purchased. At the time she held a railcard, it should be based on the railcard she held if it offered a discount at the time she travelled, and if she had purchased incorrect return tickets, the settlement should also be based on return tickets, not singles. (In other words, like-for-like as closely as possible.) Similarly there is no basis to charge any "fee" for admin or otherwise, though the company can try to recover "costs" it genuinely incurred in dealing with this - but it should never refer to that as a "fee". Overall, it's possible that letting this run as a civil claim would mean paying less than they are asking for now, but you'll need to do your own calculations to work that out and decide whether the extra time and effort is worth the amount of any potential difference (and with all the uncertainties.)
 

furlong

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There are also a small number of instances where she bought a 16-17 saver ticket, in the 3 weeks between one 16-17 railcard expiring and us buying her another.
This is another case where it could be argued there is no loss, as the expiry date of the renewed railcard is the same irrespective of when it is purchased. It might be argued that renewing the railcard was sufficient remedy.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

So the template is half-way there. It correctly only states further action is either as fraud or a civil claim but has failed to update the last part of the template to remove the things that won't happen and substitute what will i.e. a civil claim, where you can try to negotiate the amount and let the court decide if you don't reach agreement. Based on what you've said, fraud seems a big stretch, so in the real world you're probably looking at a civil claim.

(Personally, I'd challenge the justification for use of Anytime Singles, refuse to accept any basis for the higher admin fee so they can't use this letter as justification in future, challenge their existing costs, and set out an offer of an alternative lower amount as settlement. If you're clever you could assess their true likely costs to pursue this further, and set your offer a little above the level at which it's not worth their while financially to refuse it.)

An alternative is to ignore it and wait to see if they bother pursuing it.
 
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Pushpit

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I think we have seen another GWR delayed case a month or two back, which was done by email, and the person writing it had the good grace to apologise for the delay, which was due to a staff shortage in the relevant office.

I can't see how the intent threshold for fraud can be proven at this remove, and we do know that it isn't often used by rail companies. Where it has been used, the intent aspect was in plain sight. So in my view only the civil route is now possible, and if you are going down the civil route then the amount owed is down to the exact loss suffered. Plus any negotiation you do now counts in your favour.

Your options are
- ignore this and all future letters. Some advantage to this, in that it put the onus on GWR to decide what to do next, if anything.
- pay just the amount of fares owed, taking into account the amounts already paid (presumably well below £132?).
- pay the full amount to get rid of the problem.
Clearly it's important that your daughter always pays the right fare with the right railcard before boarding, but in this instance I can't see this going to prosecution.
 

WesternLancer

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So as she was over 18 when they stopped her with a non valid ticket if they had acted within six months they would have her over a barrel. Ie pay us £x or well prosecute you and she would be found guilty.

An option would be to calculate the difference between the fares paid and the correct fare with any railcard genuinely held at the time and offer them that.

Beyond the actual money that would cost I’m not sure if there are downsides to that but I’m sure others will outline any if so.

Some might regard that as at least an effort to ‘do the right thing’ which has some merit in life generally.
 

enyoueffsea

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To be fair, if the settlement figure offered is only £222 and the OP themselves concedes there are at least 17 incorrect tickets (potentially up to 34 if these are return journeys), that already sounds like quite a generous offer.

Personally I would just pay it. The sum is not too large and I would imagine the impact on daughter will be greater with regular threatening emails/letters received threatening court and police.

The reality is, they’ll not be able to prosecute her due to the time limitation. It’s very unlikely this would be taken forward as fraud and fairly unlikely they take a civil claim forward for the money. Even if they did, as others have said, it’s possible the claim would succeed for only a lower amount.

Everyone is different and has different risk thresholds and appetite to take things on like this.
 

WesternLancer

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Thank you all for your advice and insight. What a marvellous, helpful forum!
Hopefully you can take an informed view on the options and weigh up the way forward in discussions with your daughter.

If other questions arise people will no doubt give you their views.

Good luck with it.

If your daughter is regularly using the train for a work commute a season ticket might be an option to look at. The 16-25 railcard has morning time restrictions for short journeys with low fares but I think the 16-17 railcard doesn’t and it also gives a bigger discount over do see a lot of cases here of young people‘mistakenly’ using it when not entitled to.

Not saying your daughter did this intentionally but I imagine staff see this all the time so probably often take a slightly cynical view on these mistakes as a result.

Sadly fare evasion is endemic and lots of young people often don’t realise it’s potentially a criminal offence and different to other low level civil type offences but due to tight budgets are tempted to do it without fully understanding the worst case outcome.
 
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