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December 2025 East Coast Timetable

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Starmill

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Doesn’t Durham have a northern stopping service to Newcastle in the morning peak? Is that still there in the Dec 2025 timetable?
At the moment those three services are direct from Saltburn, except the first one which is so early it originates at Middlesbrough. Accordingly I don't think many people board at Durham as they're almost full anyway. When too many people do join at Durham that just means people at Chester-le-Street can't board.

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Yes to both questions, not sure how long it is. If it is 2 cars it will be a little cosy.
Have any of them ever been booked more than a two car?
 
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ainsworth74

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"Strong Local connectivity"

Unless you wanted to travel between Newark & Retford. 7 coaches from Durham to Newcastle in prime peak time is just asking for trouble, but then whenever did LNER care about those pesky local passengers wanting to use their airplane on rails.
To be fair the same is true of VTEC, EC, NXEC, GNER and quite probably BR (at least by it's later years in the 80s and 90s as Intercity)! There's always been issues with some of those obvious local links. That being said the changes at Durham are a new wrinkle and do definitely need some attention to ensure that there either is sufficent capacity on the remaining trains or that an extra service is introduced to replace the existing 0820.
Have any of them ever been booked more than a two car?
Outside of special events (which I'm not sure there have been any which would warrant strengthening at that time) or the occasional unit fault requiring one unit to rescue another (but still serviceable enough to limp back in service to Heaton) I don't think those serivices have ever been booked more than a 2-car DMU. The service axis Saltburn - Darlington (which those trains via Durham come from) is basically uniformly 2-car.
 

Tetchytyke

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I think the 06:41 from Durham ex-Middlesbrough's staying, but not the 07:42 or 08:40 from Saltburn to Carlisle that I can see.
New timetable proposes an 05.50 from Middlesbrough and an 06.11 from Saltburn.

There's also an 08.19 from Darlington to Newcastle too, calling Durham at 8.39 and Chester at 8.46. Gets into Newcastle at 8.57 which, really, is too late for most commuters.

There's a proposed 32-minute gap at both Darlington and Durham to Newcastle in the morning peak and the train that's gone is an LNER with 9 carriages. The 08.19 from Darlington will need to be 4 or even 6 carriages to be able to cope; if it isn't, nobody at Durham or Chester stands a chance of boarding. The TPE at 07.50 (Darlington) and 08.07 (Durham) will also be extremely snug and I'd well imagine it will leave people behind at Chester.

The train that will sit in the slot that the 08.22 currently occupies is propose to be a Lumo train, so it'll be tough to add extra stops into that.

Something needs to be tweaked though.
 

Tetchytyke

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The new timetable proposes the Aberdeen train starts back at London at 5.48, getting into Newcastle at bang on 9. Also a bit too late for commuters but if they add a Durham stop into then it would help a little.
 

aberforth

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It looks like the preliminary timetables have now been pulled from the website - does anyone by any chance still have the link to the pdf?

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The December 2025 timetable will include calls at Cambridge South Station which will open early in 2026 and it appears all passenger train services including all CrossCountry, Greater Anglia, Great Northern and Thameslink services with Cambridge South Station on route will call at Cambridge South Station.
This is what I'm particularly curious about: "provision to call" as it currently is stated on https://www.greatnorthernrail.com/service-updates/service-updates/east-coast-main-line-improvements doesn't sound like _all_ trains will call there; so if someone still has the relevant section from the proposed timetables that would be fantastic
 
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43074

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It looks like the preliminary timetables have now been pulled from the website - does anyone by any chance still have the link to the pdf?

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This is what I'm particularly curious about: "provision to call" as it currently is stated on https://www.greatnorthernrail.com/service-updates/service-updates/east-coast-main-line-improvements doesn't sound like _all_ trains will call there; so if someone still has the relevant section from the proposed timetables that would be fantastic
Provision to call means the station won't be opening on timetable change date, but all trains will call there and they have the time built in from the start.
 
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The following letter dated 14 March 2025 from Network Rail to the Office of Rail and Road on the following page of the ORR website indicates that Network Rail will next week (commencing 24 March 2025) send to the ORR final representations on some of the applications to operate additional open passenger train services on the East Coast Mainline starting December 2025. I assume the ORR will then be able to make decisions on these applications.
Network Rail General Representation on Complex and/or Competing Applications interacting on Location ECML Kings Cross - Edinburgh and Leeds
1 Purpose
1.1 This letter is being sent to ORR as a general representation for applications submitted by Operators to ORR on or before 20 May 2024 for Complex and / or Competing Applications that interact at one of the nine interacting locations (as listed in ORR’s letter to the industry dated 24 April 2024), specifically East Coast Mainline (ECML) Kings Cross-Edinburgh and Leeds.
1.2 This letter responds to ORR’s requests, both in meetings and email correspondence, that Network Rail, in light of ECML Industry Task Force recommendation to proceed with ECML Timetable in December 2025 shows progress in providing certainty to the industry, and provides visibility of which access rights in applications are aligned to the proposed ECML Timetable for December 2025.
1.3 This letter also provides information relating to access rights that will be applicable to all applications that interact with ECML. This will assist ORR and Network Rail in not having to repeat this information in individual representations instead allowing reference to be made to this correspondence.
1.4 We do not expect that this letter will lead to ORR making any further directions at this time and will be providing final representations on an initial tranche of individual applications following this letter, week commencing 24 March 2025.
The letter applies to the following applications
Alliance: Alliance Rail Limited S17
CrossCountry: XC Trains Limited 38th SA
East Midlands Railway: Transport UK East Midlands Limited 19th, 20th and 21st SAs
GTR: Govia Thameslink Railway Limited 62nd and 63rd SAs
Grand Central: Grand Central Railway Company Limited 28th SA
Hull Trains: Hull Trains Company Limited 27th and 32nd (was 29th) SAs
LNER: London North Eastern Railway Limited 34th, 35th, 36th, 37th, 41st and 38th SAs
Lumo: East Coast Trains Limited 11th and 12th SAs
Northern: Northern Trains Limited 59th and 60th SAs
ScotRail: ScotRail Trains Limited 50th and 51st SAs
TPE: TransPennine Express Limited 58th, 62nd, 63rd, 64th and 65th SAs
 
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Acfb

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I see that the 17.05 XC service from Edinburgh will now call at Dunbar and there will be a 17.21 TPE service calling at East Linton, Dunbar and Reston. They seem to be ironing out the issues in East Lothian quite well.
 

Scotrail314209

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I see that the 17.05 XC service from Edinburgh will now call at Dunbar and there will be a 17.21 TPE service calling at East Linton, Dunbar and Reston. They seem to be ironing out the issues in East Lothian quite well.
The 17:21 seems to be a retimed 17:34, which currently does East Linton, Dunbar and Reston.
 
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As the Office of Rail and Road have presumably now received Network Rail's final representations I do not know why decisions have still not been announced on the open access applications for the East Coast Mainline. They have been waiting for a decision for many months now.
 

Clarence Yard

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Because the ORR has to analyse what NR have said and the applicants are allowed to formally respond.

Once the ORR has formed a view, their Board then has to approve the individual determinations. We are a few months away from this all being concluded although some applications may get approved in the interim.
 
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The Alliance Rail (Grand Union Trains) application to operate five trains a day each way between Cardiff and Edinburgh via the East Coast Mainline starting in December 2025 has been withdrawn. The Alliance Rail (Southern) application for hourly trains between Marchwood (on the Waterside Line from Totton to Hythe and Fawley) and Southampton extended every two hours to London Waterloo starting in 2026 is continuing.
This application has been withdrawn and is being evaluated for a later submission using new build trains.
Under the ‘Alliance’ banner, we are also planning to introduce a new service between Marchwood and Southampton and London Waterloo during 2026. Marchwood is currently a closed station and has not seen regular passenger trains since 1966. This service would build on a recent comprehensive study that looked at re-opening the ‘Waterside Line’ to transform the connectivity of this important region close to the New Forest. If approved, Grand Union would look to re-open other parts of the Waterside Line in a phased approach to its development.

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The following letter dated 28 March 2025 from Network Rail to the Office of Rail and Road makes clear that Network Rail for a number of reasons cannot support the now withdrawn application from Alliance Rail to operate five trains a day each way between Cardiff and Edinburgh via the East Coast Mainline. One point made in the letter raises the issue of whether there is enough Class 221 or Class 222 rolling stock available for all the applications which seek to make use of it.
The Specified Equipment
We would like to highlight to ORR that there have been numerous applications both directed by ORR or currently being considered by ORR which state the intention to use either Class 221s or Class 222s. ORR should consider whether there is enough rolling stock availability for any application directed in support of the requested access rights.

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The following letter from Network Rail to ORR also dated 28 March 2025 also makes clear that it is not possible to further increase the London King’s Cross – Leeds service by 0.5 tph as originally planned without additional infrastructure and associated development activity, which is currently unfunded and uncommitted.
3.3.3 The specification for the LNER service to/from London King’s Cross had been reduced from 6.5 trains per hour (tph) to 6 tph with agreement from the Department for Transport (DfT) in 2021. This reduction retained the 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Middlesbrough service, albeit as far as York, with the 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Leeds service being descoped. ECML Programme Board on 21st March 2021 noted the recommendation from East Coast Route to defer the 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Leeds service, including the conditional outcome of journey time reduction between London Kings Cross and Leeds, to a post-ECML ESG [December 2025] future timetable change.
3.3.4 As of 14 March 2025 Network Rail have formally declared congested infrastructure on relevant routes between Huntingdon North Junction (Jn) and New England North Jn (Peterborough) and Doncaster Marshgate Jn and Leeds Copley Hill West Jn.
3.3.5 Work undertaken for the ESG has shown definitively that this 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Leeds service uplift cannot be accommodated alongside the other ESG outputs. As such the service cannot run in this timetable or future timetables, alongside the other industry endorsed aspirations without additional infrastructure and associated development activity, which is currently unfunded and uncommitted.
3.4.1 As stated in the ECML General Representation letter dated 14 March 2025 (paragraph 6) Network Rail has declared Congested Infrastructure for the December 2025 New Working Timetable for three lines of route on the ECML.
3.4.2 Three lines of route that this application is proposing access rights for, are:
Between Huntingdon North Jn and New England North Jn (Peterborough);
Between Northallerton Longlands Jn and Newcastle King Edward Bridge South via ECML; and
Between Doncaster Marshgate Jn and Leeds Copley Hill West Jn
 
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Have paths for the Hull Trains Sheffield service been approved yet?
Network Rail state in their letter to ORR dated 11 April 2025 that they cannot support this.
7.1 In this representation letter we have confirmed that we do not support the rights sought in this application as they are not included in the proposed ECML December 2025 Timetable. All proposed path timings have conflicts against the proposed ECML December 2025 timetable. These rights would increase quantum over and above the modelled December 2025 East Coast Main Line timetable, and over the Welwyn Viaduct, and consequently a further worsening of performance could be expected
 

Clarence Yard

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Nothing new here - they are not agreeing with anything that isn’t in the ESG timetable, even if, in other cases, it would help performance! As the December 2025 timetable is still being formulated and the Sheffield services won’t now be able to start until mid 2026 at the earliest (due to stock availability), any ORR decision is likely to be delayed, at best.
 
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Government owned train operator LNER has responded to the following letter from Government owned Network Rail to ORR dated 28 March 2025 which claims that it is not possible to further increase the London King’s Cross – Leeds service by 0.5 tph as originally planned without additional infrastructure and associated development activity, which is currently unfunded and uncommitted.
3.3.3 The specification for the LNER service to/from London King’s Cross had been reduced from 6.5 trains per hour (tph) to 6 tph with agreement from the Department for Transport (DfT) in 2021. This reduction retained the 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Middlesbrough service, albeit as far as York, with the 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Leeds service being descoped. ECML Programme Board on 21st March 2021 noted the recommendation from East Coast Route to defer the 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Leeds service, including the conditional outcome of journey time reduction between London Kings Cross and Leeds, to a post-ECML ESG [December 2025] future timetable change.
3.3.5 Work undertaken for the ESG has shown definitively that this 0.5 tph London King’s Cross – Leeds service uplift cannot be accommodated alongside the other ESG outputs. As such the service cannot run in this timetable or future timetables, alongside the other industry endorsed aspirations without additional infrastructure and associated development activity, which is currently unfunded and uncommitted.
The Government owned train operator LNER's letter of response to ORR dated 24 April 2025 asserts that development work to identify options to facilitate the 6.5TPH has recently been re-started, that the Government Department for Transport supports LNER's plan to deliver this 6.5TPH (to and from London Kings Cross on the East Coast Mainline) and that the Government has directed Network Rail to offer this 6.5TPH so Network Rail should not be stating that they cannot support 6.5TPH.
• Section 3.3 refers to “unused firm London North Eastern Railway (LNER) Firm Directed Rights.” LNER would like this wording to be amended to “unfulfilled” or “undelivered” rights. As noted in the letter, LNER has rights for 6.5TPH whereas only 6.0TPH are currently delivered by the ESG timetable. This is a result of the decision – taken very reluctantly - to descope the ESG timetable in order to expedite its implementation, when ESG timetable development work showed that the additional 0.5TPH could not be delivered without additional infrastructure activity. The ability to deliver 6.5TPH for LNER was based on a program of infrastructure activity intended for the East Coast Mainline. Some of this activity was subsequently descoped and the resulting reduction in available capacity led to the descoping of the ESG timetable, but you will be aware that development work to identify options to facilitate the 6.5TPH has recently been re-started.
• It remains LNER’s intention to deliver 6.5TPH, a position that is endorsed by DfT. Considering the interests of rail passengers, our forecasts of train loadings for the ESG timetable demonstrate the case for further timetable changes to deliver the full 6.5TPH service. We remain concerned that in its response to the 35th Supplemental, Network Rail is unable to support rights which it has been directed to offer. We believe such a situation is unprecedented. We will comment on this in more detail in our response to NR’s views on the 35th Supplemental.
Clearly an additional train between London King's Cross and Leeds every two hours will not happen in the December 2025 East Coast Mainline Timetable. It is agreed that additional infrastructure is required to deliver it. Clearly it would be very useful for rail passengers. It does not look good that instead of all Government branches and agencies working together to deliver it, two Government owned companies are arguing with each other on this issue by sending letters to the Office of Rail and Road.
 
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Government owned train operator LNER has responded to the following letter from Government owned Network Rail to ORR dated 28 March 2025 which claims that it is not possible to further increase the London King’s Cross – Leeds service by 0.5 tph as originally planned without additional infrastructure and associated development activity, which is currently unfunded and uncommitted.



The Government owned train operator LNER's letter of response to ORR dated 24 April 2025 asserts that development work to identify options to facilitate the 6.5TPH has recently been re-started, that the Government Department for Transport supports LNER's plan to deliver this 6.5TPH (to and from London Kings Cross on the East Coast Mainline) and that the Government has directed Network Rail to offer this 6.5TPH so Network Rail should not be stating that they cannot support 6.5TPH.


Clearly an additional train between London King's Cross and Leeds every two hours will not happen in the December 2025 East Coast Mainline Timetable. It is agreed that additional infrastructure is required to deliver it. Clearly it would be very useful for rail passengers. It does not look good that instead of all Government branches and agencies working together to deliver it, two Government owned companies are arguing with each other on this issue by sending letters to the Office of Rail and Road.
Is that Middlesbrough line referring to it not being extended beyond York meaning until the station upgrades at Middlesbrough are done as always planned ? Obviously aside from the current one a day
 

Wilts Wanderer

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I would be inclined to trust the Network Rail view, which will be backed up by actual timetabling work fully updated to current position regarding other operators etc, rather than the DfT position which will presumably be predicated on a political angle and various consultancy-based studies.

(DfT are, of course, the government body who bowed to Treasury pressure to descope whatever the critical infrastructure gap is - possibly something in the Huntingdon area?)
 

swt_passenger

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Is that Middlesbrough line referring to it not being extended beyond York meaning until the station upgrades at Middlesbrough are done as always planned ? Obviously aside from the current one a day
There was an LNER track access application that said they expected the 2-hourly Middlesbrough service to start with the Dec 2027 timetable, I remember reading it a few months back. Certainly looks as though the timescales are to allow for the delayed platform work.
LNER is also seeking to retain its rights to extend services to Bradford and Middlesbrough, subject to funder approval as it is expected these rights will be exercised within the duration of the contract. We expect to be using the Bradford rights from SCD 2025 and Middlesbrough from PCD 2027.

 

43074

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I would be inclined to trust the Network Rail view, which will be backed up by actual timetabling work fully updated to current position regarding other operators etc, rather than the DfT position which will presumably be predicated on a political angle and various consultancy-based studies.

(DfT are, of course, the government body who bowed to Treasury pressure to descope whatever the critical infrastructure gap is - possibly something in the Huntingdon area?)
There is politics in the NR view as well as they are declining to support any applications made outside the ESG process, even where in some cases they will improve performance.

NRs own performance modelling for East Coast recast was very flawed, e.g. it didn't model the Up morning peak into Kings Cross. Ultimately the ORR decision will be what stands and NR will have to deal with it!
 
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There was an LNER track access application that said they expected the 2-hourly Middlesbrough service to start with the Dec 2027 timetable, I remember reading it a few months back. Certainly looks as though the timescales are to allow for the delayed platform work.
Makes perfect sense as in the TVCA document the platform as things stand will be open for March 2027 so they’ve given a bit of wiggle room by not opting for May it looks like as you say
 

Bald Rick

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NRs own performance modelling for East Coast recast was very flawed, e.g. it didn't model the Up morning peak into Kings Cross.

That wasnt a flaw, that was deliberate, as the down peak is busier. For the up morning peak the commuter service is largely done and dusted by the time the long distance peak arrives. In the evening, it all goes together…
 

Clarence Yard

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It was a major flaw, one which several operators still cannot understand. The down peak may be busier but a lot of it starts from KX/Moorgate so you should present onto the key parts of the network more on time than the up morning peak.

The up morning peak on the ECML has to cope with Pboro to Huntingdon, Hitchin (Cambridge Jct), the two track at Welwyn and then the KX approaches. To not model that south of Grantham (including the Cambridge branch) between 0630-1030 is absolutely nuts.
 
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The following is an extract from the final representation dated 2 May 2025 from Network Rail to the Office of Rail and Road on Lumo's application to extend, starting in December 2025, their existing five trains a day between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh Waverley to Haymarket, Falkirk High and Glasgow Queen Street. This shows how complicated the process has become due to having so many different parties involved, especially with devolution in Scotland.

Lumo assert that the proposal was developed in conjunction with Network Rail Scotland (who identified the paths) and Government of Scotland national transport agency Transport Scotland (I think this is who they mean when they state Transport for Scotland), who have been very supportive of the proposals, including the use of Glasgow Queen Street. However Network Rail in their response state they only support one or two daily extensions and the Government of Scotland train operator ScotRail opposes the application.

As their national transport agency supports the application and their national train operator opposes the application it is not clear whether the Government of Scotland supports the application or opposes it.

Obviously the ORR will make the decision to approve or not. As the December 2025 timetable change is only seven months away the ORR will have to make a decision very soon on this and all other applications for the December 2025 timetable change.

2.4.4 Network Rail would also like to draw attention to the ScotRail Trains Ltd (ScotRail) response to the industry Consultation of this application: “We don’t support this application as it currently stands. Looking at the suggested paths they have conflicts with our existing services, I would also expect docking to also be difficult at Queen Street station. Also Glasgow Central is the well-established station for cross border travel, not Glasgow Queen St. All other cross border operators use this station. The proposed timetable will be abstractive for existing ScotRail journeys between Edinburgh and Glasgow via Falkirk. If the paths were to operate to Glasgow Central we would look at any proposed changes in due course.” On 31 July 2024, Lumo responded to ScotRail as follows: “This proposal was compiled in conjunction with NR Scotland (who identified the paths) and Transport for Scotland, who have been very supportive of the proposals, including the use of Glasgow Queen St. Obviously, the current uncertain position with the ECML timetable does affect matters and we all await the outcome of the deliberations on that with interest. Regarding any abstractive effect, the ORR will, as a matter of process, carry out the required abstractive tests (both percentage and absolute) as part of their assessment.” Further to work being completed by Capacity Planning, Network Rail can confirm Network Rail is supportive of two Northbound rights and one Southbound right between Edinburgh Waverley and Glasgow Queen Street High Level on weekdays (SX), and one right in each direction on Sundays, in a 5-car formation only and Network Rail note that the question of abstraction is for ORR to opine on.
 

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That wasnt a flaw, that was deliberate,
In which case it wasn't a flaw but an error.
the down peak is busier. For the up morning peak the commuter service is largely done and dusted by the time the long distance peak arrives. In the evening, it all goes together…


I commuted on the GN for 25 years. I have lost more of my life than I care to think stuck at the old K632 signal on the up slow at Woolmer Green, my train delayed by late running early morning ECML trains from Leeds or Newcastle. Just because the long distance peak is later does not mean that the first up long distance trains can't wreck the morning commuter service, or vice versa.

But the key point is that both morning peak and evening peak need to be looked at because one is not a symmetrical version of the other.

In particular, what matters is how trains queue to get into the 2 track section at Welwyn, and what happens at the other end. On the down road any queue is mainly on the fast line and not obstructing any platforms. On the up road trains queue mainly on the up slow line, quickly obstructing the platform at Knebworth, and, if the situation worsens, at Stevenage and Hitchin too. Furthermore, coming out of the two track section on the up line nearly everything is on the up fast so it takes a lot longer to recover to line speed than on the down road where the queue is spread between down fast and down slow after Woolmer Green.

Hitchin is another example of non-symmetry. Down trains for the Cambridge line can use both down fast and down slow through Hitchin, up trains can only use the up slow. This is a bottleneck that is far more significant in the morning peak than in the evening peak.

A further example of non-symmetry is Holme Fen where the 2 track section is much longer on the up road than on the down road, and at start of journey for commuter trains too. A Peterborough starter late through Holme will be late at Hitchin too and blocking trains off the Cambridge branch.

Another factor for the commuter morning peak is week night engineering work, and what happens if it over-runs. This can be critical in the Fens because of the single line sections north of Ely.


To not model that south of Grantham (including the Cambridge branch) between 0630-1030 is absolutely nuts.
The above is a more long winded way of agreeing with this.
 

43074

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That wasnt a flaw, that was deliberate, as the down peak is busier. For the up morning peak the commuter service is largely done and dusted by the time the long distance peak arrives. In the evening, it all goes together…
It's also not as black and white as this, e.g. the peak GTR pattern applies until around 0930 in the recast which is well into the long distance peak - not long before the first fast arrival from Edinburgh, the non stop Wakefield to London service arrives 0859, there's a Hull Trains arrival before 0930 and Lumo are proposing one at this time and so on.

As others have pointed out the peak GN commuter service is worth modelling in its own right as there are plenty of interactions around Ely and Cambridge which have scope to cause issues for the ECML. Even with fewer long distance arrivals during the high peak, those which do run can cause congestion for through Woolmer Green and hence on the slow lines south of Welwyn where there is very little resilience to begin with.
 

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It's also not as black and white as this, e.g. the peak GTR pattern applies until around 0930 in the recast which is well into the long distance peak - not long before the first fast arrival from Edinburgh, the non stop Wakefield to London service arrives 0859, there's a Hull Trains arrival before 0930 and Lumo are proposing one at this time and so on.

As others have pointed out the peak GN commuter service is worth modelling in its own right as there are plenty of interactions around Ely and Cambridge which have scope to cause issues for the ECML. Even with fewer long distance arrivals during the high peak, those which do run can cause congestion for through Woolmer Green and hence on the slow lines south of Welwyn where there is very little resilience to begin with.
Also not forgetting that Thameslink now make a number of services and late presentation at the core soon cascades out South of the river. Equally though the South side can easily inject delays into ECML.
 

Class 170101

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I would have thought the morning peak has moved further north towards Grantham and Newark where housing is cheaper and the requirement to travel daily to London is less with home working post covid and those LNER trains are likely to busier and cause delays in the morning bpeak if loadings and dwell times aren't modelled correctly.
 

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I would have thought the morning peak has moved further north towards Grantham and Newark where housing is cheaper and the requirement to travel daily to London is less with home working post covid and those LNER trains are likely to busier and cause delays in the morning bpeak if loadings and dwell times aren't modelled correctly.
Commuting from Grantham and Newark is not a new thing, it has existed for at least 30 years.

But it is quite small compared to the towns closer to London.

You are right that LNER trains are not well designed for commuters and short dwell times.
 

Class 170101

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Commuting from Grantham and Newark is not a new thing, it has existed for at least 30 years.

But it is quite small compared to the towns closer to London.

You are right that LNER trains are not well designed for commuters and short dwell times.
Not a new thing but perhaps, post covid, more common as people have moved further away from London seeking cheaper living costs and perhaps only doing it a couple of days a week.
 
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