Using Leeds as an example, in 2019 it had 131 trains arriving from 0700 to 0759 on a typical weekday.
There were 31,267 seats available with 27,796 passengers arriving in that hour.
Fast forward to 2023: the comparable figures were 124, 33,104 and 20,343 so the availability of seats relative to passengers has improved.
This doesn't mean that a particular train won't be super crowded: highly likely, but it shows that on some arrivals, there may be plenty of room for additional users.
Have some train sets had extra cars added (assuming platform lengths are sufficient to accommodate them)?
Great to know that if Elizabeth Line is included, there are now more overall patrons than in 2019.
Between mid 2019 and mid 2023, the UK population increased from an estimate of 66,796,807 to 68,682,962, a rise of 2.8 per cent.