I have heard that the London Underground is quite polluted with dust, the levels are less concentrated on the above surface stations.
That's true for PM2.5 but not the case for Nitrous oxides (which is the aim of the ULEZ), for now details this report is useful:
Recently, a listener to Nick Ferrari’s weekday breakfast show on LBC called in to express concerns that far from protecting Londoners from air pollution, the Mayor of London’s new ULEZ plans ma...
www.envirotech-online.com
The summary at the end concludes:
If you’re regularly travelling into and around London, then, you’re caught between a rock and hard place. Regardless of whether you’re driving or catching the tube, you’re going to be exposed to relatively high levels of air pollution, just of different types. Judging by the evidence, then, Nick Ferrari’s listener made a decent point: the extended
Ultra Low Emissions Zone should be combined with improvements in the Underground’s infrastructure. Perhaps, some of the money generated by the fines might be ring-fenced for exactly this purpose. Whatever the outcome, it might be best to consider cycling or walking around the city the next time you’re in London.
The pollution goes somewhere. If it comes out of a tall chimney it still comes down somewhere, just further away. Air pollution in Europe (Scandinavia iirc) has improved as the UK has reduced its use of coal to generate electricity.
The thing with tall chimneys is that it's much easier to install filters, also the vast majority of them are for burning gas - which is a much cleaner fuel to start with. Also there are already steps being taken to reduce their use, for example more green sources of generation.
The transport sector consists of emissions from road transport, railways, domestic aviation, shipping, fishing, and aircraft support vehicles. It is estimated to have been responsible for around 26% of greenhouse gas emissions in the UK in 2021, almost entirely through carbon dioxide emissions. The main source of emissions from this sector is the use of petrol and diesel in road transport.
It has also remained fairly flat in terms of emissions (most of the benefits from greener cars being offset by there being more of them), whilst most other areas have seen noticeable reductions (the other exception is agriculture and to a lesser extent residential).
For example energy production had fallen by about 70%, to a point where it's lower than transport (and had been since 2018) and is still falling. Likewise waste management and other sources have seen similar falls of around 70% whilst business has seen falls of about 40%.
As such the lack of change appears to be areas where it's down to the individual (rather than corporate), such as far boilers in the home and travel (primarily personal travel). There's already steps being taken to reduce gas boilers (if you buy a new home which starts being built later this year there's good chance it'll have a heat pump rather than a gas boiler)
Next thing I wonder is how many lives will ULEZ save and at what cost to the people. Howmany lives are lost or ruined due to drugs, knives, smoking etc.
Drugs are illegal, knives can not be carried in public without good reason and cigarettes can not advertise, have punitive taxes applied and can not be advertised - should we move cars closer to those sorts of restrictions?
(A rhetorical question, as few, even towards the most keen for change would expect those sorts of measures be applied - perhaps with the exception of changes to car adverts so they have to be more life like and not only show one or two cars in the road).
Of course those things do come at a great risk, however there's also quite a few people who die in our roads every year and quite a few who suffer from health issues because of lower air quality.
People will be less inclined to use public transport compared to thirty or more years ago because the town centres are getting gutted and the shops people have to use are in out of town areas that rely on car culture. Sadiq is undoing a process of undermining the usefulness of public transport that has gone on for many decades. He is trying to achieve it quickly by hitting ordinary people in the pocket for the mistakes that the likes of him allowed and are still allowing.
Planning is fairly unregulated, in that if someone wants to build a shop they can do so anywhere (yes their bound by planning restrictions, however these are nearly universally applied, so there's almost no additional restrictions out of town Vs town centre), the problem is how do you create rules which stop out of town shops by still allow suburban and rural shops to be provided?
People are shopping out of town less, as they move towards online shopping. A lot of the issue with empty shops is also linked to this, as there's an over supply of in person shopping facilities.
Some towns have managed to luck out, with their retail parks being mostly limited to the edge of their town centre (Farnborough in Hampshire being a good example as it's possible to walk between the likes of a DfS or B&Q and a food court with a Game in about 5 minutes). However, we are where we are and maybe there is more that should be done to encourage public transport to out of town locations - especially given that few would actually want to take home with them a new washing machine, sofa or carpet.
If someone wanted to CONSTRUCTIVELY reduce pollution then how about reducing how much gas is burnt in central heating systems by properly insulating houses - that might actually help the UKs balance of payments. It would also cause little inconvenience and change to lifestyle. Instead the government gave money to help people to not cut back of gas/electricity usage - that is a short term sticking plaster for a long term problem.
At each turn it is the ordinary person who has to pay.
Residential emissions are already lower than transport and there's plans to reduce them. However it's not a case of this or that, it's a case of everything needs to see falls and transport and gas boilers are the two areas where the falls have been fairly limited.
If there was a thread on air source heat pumps, there would be those calling for transport to see it's emissions fall before they should be forced to change. To which I'd say the same thing, we need both to see improvements.
The easy cuts have happened (significant shift from coal to gas and onto renewables), we're getting to where personal behaviour is needing to change. You can either do what lots are already doing and shifting away from the worst polluting vehicles and reducing the use of your car, or you can carry on what you're doing as society looks on and wonders why you're not joining them.