OK, time for the crayons.... Mods, please move if this is too speculative for this thread. Red is TBM-bored tunnel, blue is surface line, green is cut-and-cover tunnel, and yellow represents portals and access/ventilation shafts.
I couldn't find a sensible route that used the Micklehurst Loop line, but so this is now my preferred route for a new NPR line from Ardwick to Marsden. The design criteria were:
- Design speed = 230km throughout (matching the design speed of the HS2 spur to Manchester)
- Minimum radius of curves = 2000m
- Maximum gradient = 2%
- Access / evacuation points within 2km of every point in the tunnels
- Tunnel diameter = whatever is needed for the design speed
I don't know much about civil engineering, or geology, or coal mining, so I can't say if this route would be practical or not, but it was instructive trying to work it out.
From West to East:
ARDWICK
Some expert commentators on here have said that the tunnel will start at Ardwick, but I can't see how there's enough space to drop a line from the top of the Ardwick Box structure to an underground tunnel portal, so I would merge onto the existing four track alignment past Ashburys, Gorton and Fairfield stations. Google streetview suggests there should be enough space. The old 1500V DC overhead portals are still in place, though I don't expect to re-use these! Speed along this section as fast as can be accommodated within the existing footprint, hopefully 230km/h (142mph).
WESTERN PORTAL
Continuing past Guide Bridge station means either a very deep descent to get under the River Tame on a straight line, or a sharp curve to the North (currently 25/30mph, and not easy to straighten much). This wouldnt matter if every NPR train stopped at Guide Bridge, which has easy access to the M60, but I'm assuming that will not be an NPR requirement.
So I propose the Western Portal should be between Fairfield and Guide Bridge, using low grade industrial land between the railway and the canal.

This would require a new bridge under the M60 to avoid excessive curvature, even though the existing M60 bridge was built with space for four lines.
NEW ASHTON TUNNEL
5000m in length, passing under Ashton town centre and curving towards the North. I don't know how deep a tunnel under buildings needs to be, and whether coal mining would be a problem here. Needs an access/evacuation shaft in Ashton town centre, and one on the northern outskirts. The tunnel then rises steeply to emerge on higher ground beyond the developed area. The average gradient is 1.2%, but may be steeper in places.
GREEN TUNNEL
2000m across open country, roughly alongside the valley of the River Medlock, rising at 1% gradient. A green tunnel is a cut-and-cover railway built in a cutting, and covered over to minimise noise and nuisance. It costs around half of that of a bored tunnel. I've assumed the cutting is 10m deep.
SPRINGHEAD TUNNEL
3000m bored tunnel, emerging onto a viaduct over the River Tame, between Uppermill and Delph.
TAME VIADUCT
Approximately 300m in length, at 10m elevation above the river, and 5m above the long-distance footpath. Located away from local properties, with the rail tracks enclosed in tubes to minimise noise and disturbance. Gives access/evacuation routes to tunnels north and south.
NEW STANDEDGE TUNNEL
8500m from the Tame Viaduct to beyond Marsden.
The line proceeds in bored tunnel at almost level gradient, passing to the West of Diggle within the hillside, but allowing a level access and evacuation route to the valley floor at Diggle, and then rising to the altitude of the existing rail and canal tunnels (210m above sea level) - again to allow level access/evacuation here. See the main map above for details.
EASTERN PORTAL
After this mid-way access point, the tunnel descends to pass under the River Colne, with an access/ventilation shaft in the valley near to the Standedge Tunnel visitor centre, and then curves to the East to rejoin the existing alignment between Marsden and Slaithwaite stations. This avoids the curve around Marsden station.

Beyond the portal, the existing line is straight enough to allow high speed running until the kink at Slaithwaite Viaduct (500m radius, currently 75/85 mph). This could be straightened out, but that is outside the scope of this exercise.
Any thoughts, comments, obeservations, alternative proposals gratefully received.