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When did metric start to be taught in British schools?

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Dai Corner

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It's a long time ago now (I'm 62) but I think my Primary education was entirely in imperial units; calculate the cost of 1lb. 6oz of apples at threepence halfpenny a pound.

Science in Secondary school was in SI units though I think woodwork (cut 12" of 4" x 2") and PE (run 200 yards) were still imperial.

Learning to calculate in bases other than ten came in useful later in computing (octal and hexadecimal) and of course things like screen sizes are still quoted in inches.
 
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Welly

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I remember fearing my primary school teacher wielding the 50 cm wooden ruler during the 1970s so my school was metric then!
 

Typhoon

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I was in the last school year that was taught maths with slide rules and log tables at O and A level; the following years used calculators.

Now that's interesting. I was taught to use log tables in 1990.
Equipment like slide rules, calculators and log tables would depend on the Exam Board and syllabus taught. I only just about remember teaching slide rules so it would be early/ mid 70s. There would be a problem with using them in exams as every candidate would need one and there then becomes the issue of whether the school or pupil supplies them. Similarly with calculators. If it is the pupil, prior to the exam staff were supposed to check them to ensure that (for instance) there were no formulae on them/ they did not have prohibited functionality but could carry out the required calculations. It was often maths staff that would have to do that. Log books were much safer, fairly cheap, copies kept just for exams, had the right functions in (eg trig - which not all calculators had). I may be wrong but when we converted to calculators, I think the school sold 'approved' ones at cost to encourage purchase but had sets for use in class/ exams for those who couldn't afford them. It did mean that exams were extended while invigilators went round collecting those given out. We would usually lose one or two. Log books were much safer; who wants a log book?

As an Assistant Examiner (marker) in Maths many moons ago, log books had another advantage - it is almost impossible not to show working so even for a 'wrong' answer it was possible to identify how that came about (usually fairly easily) and award credit; calculators encouraged just a numerical answer often following the minimal of annotation (if any) but some indication that the candidate may have known what they were doing (a circumference of a circle about twice what it should be; an answer that would be close if the decimal point was in a different place) which may lead to nothing.
 

Lost property

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I was "volunteered " to buy a slide rule at Halton...I never, along with just about everybody else, managed to use it as intended so it was fascinating to watch the clips of NASA engineers on the space programme happily calculating away...with the obvious success.

Last night, watching "Secrets of the London Underground ". very informative programme, there were some scenes at Ongar and a shot of a post at the buffers showing O.o which, apparently, was the marker for subsequent posts into London...the revelation being the distances were measured in Kms .
 

Snow1964

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I was "volunteered " to buy a slide rule at Halton...I never, along with just about everybody else, managed to use it as intended so it was fascinating to watch the clips of NASA engineers on the space programme happily calculating away...with the obvious success.

Last night, watching "Secrets of the London Underground ". very informative programme, there were some scenes at Ongar and a shot of a post at the buffers showing O.o which, apparently, was the marker for subsequent posts into London...the revelation being the distances were measured in Kms .

Yes London Underground metricated all its distances, starting at Ongar buffer stops and working outwards

English motorways are also metric, the blue signs with distance are every 200m (either on central crash barrier or outside hard shoulder). I think they show kilometres from Charing Cross so most from London start around 20km post (not where motorway starts). Obviously those like M5 (which don’t radiate from London) have different zero point
 

jfollows

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I was born in 1961 and used log tables and a slide rule for O levels in summer 1977.
By the time of my A levels in 1979 calculators were allowed; the questions however didn't require their use and it was more about demonstrating your method anyway, the only use I ever put my calculator to in exams was to use its "random" number generator as a method of answering multiple choice questions when I couldn't decide between more than one of the possible answers. There weren't many of these either (multiple choice questions or answers I didn't know - I was only good academically for my A levels).
 

D821

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I've never understood why they've not put a rule in place to make sure all new road signs have distances in miles and kilometres.
 

Killingworth

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Back in the late 50s, after 11 plus, we had to learn 14 and 16 times tables to help with pounds and ounces. 12 times was necessary for shillings and pence.

Thank heaven there's no suggestion of going back to £ s d with farthings and guineas.
 

Typhoon

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Back in the late 50s, after 11 plus, we had to learn 14 and 16 times tables to help with pounds and ounces. 12 times was necessary for shillings and pence.

Thank heaven there's no suggestion of going back to £ s d with farthings and guineas.
To me guineas were a complete rip off, just an excuse to charge more. I would think that it was about a pound, just a bit more, like small change. Ten guineas and you would be looking at paying with another note.
 

2192

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... My main memory of measurements is of getting a sum in liquid volume wrong because I read my own "l" for litre as a 1.
Wasn't the official recommendation never to abbreviate 'litre' for exactly that reason; but it was OK to abreviate millilitre to ml because there would be no ambiguity?
 

najaB

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Wasn't the official recommendation never to abbreviate 'litre' for exactly that reason; but it was OK to abreviate millilitre to ml because there would be no ambiguity?
I think it depends very much on context, but yes litre does tend to be spelled out, or to use an upper case L. This style guide is in agreement:
The symbols for metric units are also written in lower case – except those that are named after persons – e.g. m for metre, but W for watt (the unit of power, named after the Scottish engineer, James Watt). Note that this rule applies even when the prefix symbol is in lower case, as in kW for kilowatt. The symbol for litre (L) is an exception.
 

GusB

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This clip from BBC Nationwide popped up in my YouTube feed a moment ago:


Fortunately it was from over 40 years ago and attitudes have changed somewhat. Oh, wait... :)
 

najaB

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This clip from BBC Nationwide popped up in my YouTube feed a moment ago:


Fortunately it was from over 40 years ago and attitudes have changed somewhat. Oh, wait... :)
I love that - "You don't go as far, their kilomileametres aren't the same".
 

RuddA

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I'm sure in the late 70s/early 80s my primary school still had their measuring weights for scales in imperial.
We also did 100 yards for sports day as the field wasn't long enough to make it a safe 100m.
When I now see yards on a road sign I just swap yards for metres and think that's close enough.
No idea how much I weight in stones either, only KGs.
 

Ediswan

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I think it depends very much on context, but yes litre does tend to be spelled out, or to use an upper case L. This style guide is in agreement:

The style guide is reasonable, but some of the rest of the document reads like a bunch of metric zealots.

I quote: "Measuring fuel consumption in miles per gallon is of no value when fuel is sold in litres." It does have value. For example, 50 mpg is better than 40 mpg. This is true irrespective of the units the fuel was sold in. The only time I do a litres to gallons conversion is to assess the accuracy of the car's metering, which is only needed once per car.
 

najaB

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The style guide is reasonable, but some of the rest of the document reads like a bunch of metric zealots.
Well, they are the UK Metric Association so one shouldn't be surprised that they have a bias. :D
 

swt_passenger

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So how would reversing metrication affect industries such as science, medicine, engineering, construction etc etc? I suggest given a choice they’d all stay metric.

The BBC are reporting that ASDA thinks it’s stupid idea.
 

najaB

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So how would reversing metrication affect industries such as science, medicine, engineering, construction etc etc? I suggest given a choice they’d all stay metric.
Of course they would stay metric. There is zero chance that any industry other than "market trader" will shift to using Imperial measures as their primary system. It would cost billions and take decades.

I rather think that Boris, et. al. have misunderstood the joke "There are two kinds of countries in the world - those that use metric and those who have landed people on the Moon". :D
 

DynamicSpirit

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I may be wrong but when we converted to calculators, I think the school sold 'approved' ones at cost to encourage purchase but had sets for use in class/ exams for those who couldn't afford them. It did mean that exams were extended while invigilators went round collecting those given out. We would usually lose one or two. Log books were much safer; who wants a log book?

Umm.... umm... Raises hand nervously.
 

Mojo

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English motorways are also metric, the blue signs with distance are every 200m (either on central crash barrier or outside hard shoulder). I think they show kilometres from Charing Cross so most from London start around 20km post (not where motorway starts). Obviously those like M5 (which don’t radiate from London) have different zero point
The blue signs that you can see at the side of motorways and on certain trunk A roads are actually just bigger versions of the marker posts that have been there for years.

The smaller posts are located every 100m and the blue signs are roughly every 500m. The distance is marked from a certain point, usually, but not always from the start of the road and not from Charing Cross.
I've never understood why they've not put a rule in place to make sure all new road signs have distances in miles and kilometres.

Potentially confusing.
Of course distance road signs installed for the last several decades are actually measured from the datum in metric, just put backwards to display yards or miles, using the conversion rate of 1 metre = 1 yard, and 1600 metres = 1 mile.
 

najaB

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Of course distance road signs installed for the last several decades are actually measured from the datum in metric, just put backwards to display yards or miles, using the conversion rate of 1 metre = 1 yard, and 1600 metres = 1 mile.
Indeed. I was more thinking that having two distances on the same sign goes against the idea that motorway signs should be as simple as possible, to aid comprehension as they flash past at 70+mph.
 

miklcct

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I agree it's a meaningless announcement. I was taught entirely in metric, but I buy milk and beer in pints, I measure long distances in miles and I know my waist size in inches but not in centimetres (and inches is a smaller number which is better!).

But the most commonly quoted example of people wishing to return to metric involves buying food. I don't think I've ever bought cheese by the pound or kilo - I want a piece 'about that big'. And I don't buy half a pound of sausages, I buy four or six.
If I'm forced to buy food by the pound I will leave the UK. The use of imperial is one of the reasons I stay out of the USA (along with gun, car, tips, nonexistent annual leave, exceptionalism, etc.).

I buy pasta by the kg. I buy meat by the kg. I buy carrot by the kg. I buy rice by the kg. I buy juice by the L. I can't remember all the different fractions between the imperial units and can only memorise 1 lb = 454 g (1/2 lb = 227 g; 1/4 lb = 113 g) and 1 pint = 568 mL. I will need to use a calculator if different units are used.

And for the imperial lengths, what I know is only that 1 mile = 1609 m (approximately 8/5 km for simple conversion); 1 yard = 91.44 m (approximately 10/11 m for simple conversion); and although not imperial, 1 nautical mile = 1852 m (approximately 50/27 km based on the original definition). However, despite the road sign showing miles I am still uncomfortable with them because the numbers are so small to what I normally use in elsewhere in the world. For example, the road sign on the A338 near Bournemouth Hospital shows Southampton as 28 (miles), which is actually 45 km. I have an idea what 5, 25 or 100 km is about (5 km is the typical urban distance between nearby urban districts, 25 km is the typical distance between the city centre and outer suburbs, 100 km is the approximate distance between Kowloon and Guangzhou)

In terms of speed limit, 40 mph is one which I find it difficult to judge as the metric equivalent is 64 km/h, which is a bit less than 70 km/h so I have to drive the car a bit slower than on a 70 km/h main road (in Hong Kong, speed limits are 30, 50 (default), 70, 80, 100 and 110 km/h which was converted from 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 mph in the imperial era - note that 60 km/h and 90 km/h limits don't exist in Hong Kong exactly because of this reason - however, in Ireland, 40 mph roads are converted to 60 km/h instead of 70 km/h in Hong Kong).


That said, in the UK there are certainly two obvious areas, rail being one and horse racing another, where Imperial is established and unlikely to change. It can be just as bad in aviation when you get kgs / litres / lbs / US / UK gallons for fuel quantity and conversions are required
What's the problem of horse racing? Horse racing elsewhere has already been metricated with race distances being multiples of 200 m. I have absolutely no idea what those legacy units are in horse racing.


Knots are used more commonly since the nautical mile has a direct relationship to celestial navigation and latitude and longitude.
It's a sad reality that decimal angle has never become widespread. The km has a direct relationship to celestial navigation if the latitude and longitude is specified in grads. This is probably because Britain was still the strongest maritime nation in the world when the French tried to promote decimal angle, which failed against British influence except in some specialised applications.

If grads replaced decimal angles in nautical navigation, the use of nautical miles would have been disappeared and km would be used.


The style guide is reasonable, but some of the rest of the document reads like a bunch of metric zealots.

I quote: "Measuring fuel consumption in miles per gallon is of no value when fuel is sold in litres." It does have value. For example, 50 mpg is better than 40 mpg. This is true irrespective of the units the fuel was sold in. The only time I do a litres to gallons conversion is to assess the accuracy of the car's metering, which is only needed once per car.

Measuring fuel consumption in miles per gallon is really having no value when fuel is sold in litres. If the car is quoted as 50 mpg, I have no idea at all how many litres of fuel I will need to make a 100-mile journey unless I make a conversion to gallon (a unit which I have no idea what it is) to litres. The fact that a 50 mpg car is better than a 40 mpg car is meaningless except at the moment we want to buy / replace cars because when we drive we are interested in how much fuel I will need.

For example, I owned a motorcycle in the past. It is a very basic one with no fuel consumption metering. Each time I refueled it I write the odometer reading on the fuel slip such that, over time, I know the fuel consumption of it, which automatically comes out as L / km (it was in Hong Kong with metricated motoring) - two decimal places away from the industrial-standard L / 100 km values. Therefore, in Britain, as fuels are sold in L and odometer reading in miles, the figure will be L / mile which is a useful measure for direct calculation of how much fuel I will need. There is absolutely no reason to use gallons here.
 

birchesgreen

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Do people really buy milk and beer in pints, or just buy it in whatever sizes is available? You can't ask for 0.3 or 1.4 pints in a bar can you? Its either a pint (or a half) because thats the size of the glasses. So its quite feasible to be completely metric in life and still ask for pints IMO. Same as milk.
 

AlterEgo

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Maybe they continued with log tables, but slide rules definitely went.
I was in school from 1990-2002, never used either a log table or a slide rule. In fact I’m not sure what either of them are.

== Doublepost prevention - post automatically merged: ==

Measuring fuel consumption in miles per gallon is really having no value when fuel is sold in litres. If the car is quoted as 50 mpg, I have no idea at all how many litres of fuel I will need to make a 100-mile journey unless I make a conversion to gallon (a unit which I have no idea what it is) to litres. The fact that a 50 mpg car is better than a 40 mpg car is meaningless except at the moment we want to buy / replace cars because when we drive we are interested in how much fuel I will need.
No “normie” private individual here really uses fuel efficiency to calculate how much fuel they will need. Just “ah I see this is giving me 60mpg, that’s quite good”.

People whack in a full tank, or maybe half a tank, or maybe £10 worth, when they fill up. They don’t get their calculator out to see how much they will need for the 112 mile drive to Lincoln, and indeed that is silly because there’s usually no way of telling what’s in the tank to start with!
 
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Mojo

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Indeed. I was more thinking that having two distances on the same sign goes against the idea that motorway signs should be as simple as possible, to aid comprehension as they flash past at 70+mph.
Maybe if people drove on motorways at 110km/h things would be easier :)
 

Lost property

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What's the problem of horse racing? Horse racing elsewhere has already been metricated with race distances being multiples of 200 m. I have absolutely no idea what those legacy units are in horse racing.
I believe furlongs are still very popular
 
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