The passage which can be seen from the intermediate level in the Northern Line lift leads to a point mid-way up the original Northern Line spiral staircase shaft, which still exists for staff use from the Northern Line platforms up to the area at sub-street level where the original Northern Line ticket hall used to be, now a large complex of staff rooms to the west of the current Tube Ticket Hall - North Ticket Hall passenger link subway. A newer flight of stairs leading on from the top of the spiral staircase reaches surface via the "eggshell" building, which is a combined vent/fan/intervention structure at street level, atop the former Northern Line lift/stair shafts. One of the former Northern Line lift shafts also contains a firefighters lift, which again runs from Northern Line platform level to the "eggshell".
The former Northern Line lift shafts are quite complex themselves - one is a straightforward draught-relief shaft for the Northern Line platforms, whilst the other acts as a tunnel ventilation fan shaft for the Victoria Line. Two other shafts exist in other parts of the station for similar purposes - one of the former Piccadilly Line lift shafts acts as a tunnel ventilation fan shaft serving both the Piccadilly and Northern Lines, whilst a purpose-built draught relief shaft serves the Piccadilly and Victoria platform areas. This gives four ventilation systems with three ventilation structures at surface level in total, two of the systems sharing the "eggshell" building.
There's also an interesting feature in the SB Victoria Line tunnel just south of the SB platform, where I believe the running tunnel cuts through a former Piccadilly Line lift shaft. Just south of that is the ventilation opening leading to the Northern Line lift shafts, which interestingly seems to drop *downwards*, not really what one would expect.
With the complex of railways and associated tunnels running through the place, one wonders how much ground is actually left in places!