At a very lay level, how would the government offload pension liabilities to the franchisee? I can't see how they could do anything that lasts longer than the franchise period, as the keys will be handed back to the government (or passed on to the next franchisee) at that point.
Let me help here. This is from a different sector, but involves public sector pensions.
You take on the pension liabilities for the period you run the franchise and have the employees.
The public sector scheme refuses (for no good reasons at all other than Because it doesn’t like private sector employers in its turf) to accept you as an employer so you are required under your contract to offer a broadly comparable pension scheme (defined benefit). Entirely reasonable. At the end of your contract you are required to make a transfer back of the employees funds into the public sector scheme. All of that is agreed with the regulator. Up front. You have to fund your pension contributions properly, not just the headline rate the public sector and government pretend is real because you can’t have a relatively unfunded scheme.
Where is the problem ? When you run the broadly comparable scheme you are required to make payments into it at an agreed level. It is accepted and agreed by the regulator that there is naturally investment risk and growth in that pension is not guaranteed to be the same as predicted. It is in black and white in the contract. The government actuarial department sits there and makes up (relatively) its own investment returns based on flawed and skewed data. And they change their assumptions during the term of your contract. Without your consent. They do this because, for the public sector, it isn’t real money. And it suits them to do so. These have the effect of creating a large deficit between what you signed up for and agreed (remember you were refused you access to the public scheme so you can’t avail yourself of the standard (in reality stupidly low to reflect the benefit) contribution rate and let the scheme shoulder the risk) and the amount of money they demand from you to re enter the employee into the public scheme - they take the view that you have to give them the entire scheme value (reasonable) and make up the shortfall between the actual returns (agreed investment and risk remember) and what their view of what the returns should have been (which tend to be ludicrous assessments). You rapidly end up with enormous deficits.
Railway pensions are funded to a significant extent (relative rarity
In ex public sector) and pretty well funded (even more of a rarity - bar MPs and their ridiculously overfunded scheme, shock (not...)). I haven’t sat down with my pensions experts yet, who I gather may well have been involved in this (!), but I suspect that there is a major concern at Stagecoach about being asked to go on the same sort of
Risk profile as in other industries which deal with expublic sector pension schemes and potentially being asked to commit now to unknown future risk.
(I am four years into a dispute on one scheme. And the government response is always “we will negotiate, if you accept our terms of settlement”.). No one will make a decision. And we know there are 20 or 30 other similar disputes just sat waiting for ours to be resolved. And in the meantime, the poor employees (whom I have real sympathy for, can’t retire with any certainty).
Or you end up in situations where, if someone who is ex public sector redundant, even if VR, and let’s assume they are over 50, you could be required to pay into their pension in a lump sum as if they reached full retirement age and pension. So (rates etc are example only) if someone is on 50k, and contribution rate is 20%, you could be required to pay in cash 170k into the scheme, PLUS the contractual retirement entitlement of the employee to them. It coins easily cost you 350k as a lump sum hit if one person takes redundancy.
The pensions are a timebomb. And are, long term, unsustainable. Not the employees fault. At all. But they cannot continue as they are. Because they will swallow the entire industry unless large scale change is found (or miraculously we end up with a massive bull run on top of the greatest bull run in history in equities).