The only reason that the operators are even taking a punt with 230s & 769s, and it is still a punt with plenty of associated risk, is due to a rapidly worsening situation with cancelled & late running engineering projects, cascades & a minister determined to find the absolute cheapest option, even if that actually might end up costing more (a Civil Service wide issue recently heighted in the Commons Public Administration and Constitutional Affairs Committee report on public sector outsourcing).
Not in LNR/WMT's case. The reason they were taking a punt with 230s was that they needed 3 x 2-car sub-20m-vehicle DMUs. There isn't one on the new-build market at all, and they need them for about 10 years, after which work for EWR is likely to change the market (and if EWR fails, a new order, platform lengthening[1] etc could be considered then).
So far as I can see their sensible options were:-
- Class 230
- e-Pacer
- Class 150
There is a big shortage of the latter (they could I suppose have paid Northern to order 3 extra 195s and release 3 150s, but why pay new-build prices for old junk?), and out of the former two I think they chose the preferable option from a passenger's perspective - bogied is always going to be better, and the publicity from using Pacers would have been awful.
They I suppose *could* have instigated a Class 150 re-engining project, but that would have been even more "from scratch" than the other two options and would still have the issue of where to get the Class 150s from.
The only other outlier which might have been viable would be a 2-car Stadler FLIRT, but with platform length wasted on the engine module that would have been barely better than a Class 153, which would be inadequate at the present hourly frequency for a few peak trains e.g. the school train.
[1] This is not a simple project, hence why the option of "2 or 3 more 195s and a platform extension project" wasn't chosen. The platforms might need to be *moved* in some cases (as Lidlington was) because the position of the level crossings in some cases would leave the crossing closed while a train called at the station which would be seen as unacceptable.