On the subject of Verney Junction which some have mentioned, both it and Calvert are named after the same family, which gives some indication of their remoteness. I had the good fortune to meet a descendant Mr. Verney in 2002 at the Bucks Rail Centre.
Speaking of Aylesbury and Calvert there are countless stations up the GCR that are relevant to this thread. Brackley Central (and the town itself which had two stations on two lines), Helmdon, Woodford Halse, Rugby Central, Leicester Central, Nottingham Victoria, Sheffield Victoria... People have already mentioned Penistone but Woodhouse and Darnall, Deepcar and Hadfield, Guide Bridge... all places that are shadows of their former selves.
On another local note, Northampton once had three large stations with services across the region and the country. Now it's an undersized stop in the arse end of nowhere on a loop Network Rail like to pretend doesn't exist that has persistently had its service slashed for the benefit of any other WCML station over the last two decades. Curiously what was a major railway centre in a random market town is now a minor wayside stop in a major regional urban centre.
A good example of what was mentioned earlier in this tread; a village which became an important place because of the railways which has now returned to being a small, rural community in relative obscurity.
