"Longworth" attempts to briong some order to the chaos, and gives some examples from different dates.
Western - in 1965 had prefixes BL (Bristol), CAT (Cardiff - formerly Cathays) for suburban type units, CDF for Cross Country and Inter city sets, LA for Plymouth (Laira), RDG for Reading and SHL for Southall. Unit numbers were three digits, of which the first was usually the number of cars in the unit - exceptions were Cross Country (5xx) and InterCity (7xx)
The system changed in 1972 - the prefixes were now B(ristol), C(ardiff), L(ondon) and P(lymouth). Same numbering as before, plus the driving trailers built for use with the single units were numvbered in the 2xx range, the class 117s and 118s were in the 4xx range, the 120s for the Heart of Wales line were in the 6xx range and the 101s were in the 8xx range
By 1990 some twin units had appeared, numbered in the 9xx range. There was also a separate Swansea division
The situation in other regions was more fluid, and unit numbers were usually displayed in a more transient form - LMR had a card in the front window, (from 1988 painted on the cab front) In the ER Neville Hill and Hammerton Street (Bradford) had it painrted on the sole bar, whilst Norwich used stickers in the front window, (often with the two digits mismatched in typeface and colour!) Scotland initially allocated 2- or 3-digit numbers to its units. later, from 1981, the region carried full six digit numbers in the frontb windows, the last three digits being between 301 and 422 (thus avoiding duplication of ScR's emus, the highest of which were in the 280s)