As question - in 2025, how is route clearance performed? What steps before a vehicle runs on a certain section of track? Say (hypothetically) the 93 to Dover or a 92 to Brighton? Does the same apply to coaches and dt`s?
The short answer is 'a mix of previously issued paperwork, computer models, and physical double-checking'. Remember route clearance includes the route availability and signalling and electrification compatibility as well as the physical infrastructure (loading gauge) clearance.
Network Rail have computer models of the infrastructure and rolling stock that they use to assess compatibility. If operating over a line with additional safety equipment (e.g. TASS or ETCS) then that equipment will need certifying against the route as well.
The general process is that the Operator will submit a request for a route, NR will then check all the parameters and issue a clearance certificate. This can include speed restrictions where necessary, and could be temporary. It's very common for clearance on initial introduction to be quite restrictive and then re-measuring or rough edges being ground down to remove the restrictions so that when the clearance is published in the Sectional Appendix it's got very few restrictions to deal with. Temporary clearance usually runs for 1 year, so needs renewing after 12 months.