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The first Citylink was built 2003 (Vossloh) as standard electric, metre-gauge tram-trains. Very unlikley that any of the electrics or electronics will still be in the class 398. Electrical components may vary even between different production runs of otherwise identical vehicles if these are...

As you may have noticed, my focus is more on why such critical views continue to carry so much weight, rather than looking at the actual figures. I am familiar with these figures, as we have already had a similar reintroduction programme locally. Lynx are now back in various regions with...

Then there’s the issue of live systems with various interfaces and ‘backups’. When safety-critical functions are thrown into the mix, it quickly turns into a nightmare with an astronomical price tag. Systems with hot standby tend to experience the same faults on both systems at the same time.

From an operational standpoint, it would be helpful if a robust TOC was used to manage train operations in the respective countries. That would also provide the flexibility and the personnel and material resources needed to have alternatives in case of disruptions. In Switzerland, the partner...

Of course you can argue, that the introduction ion the UK would have different consequences to the introduction in the rest of Europe. But what is the reasoning for this assumption? The same goes for the number of sheep killed by lynx. European average is 0.40 sheep per lynx and year, the...

Domestic livestock is not their primary or preferred food source.

Hoped-for? TThese are the actual, real-world consequences of reintroducing lynx into the wild in Central Europe. That's a pretty different argument from the original one I was referring to, and I'm wondering where these figures on the presumed increase come from.

The most common cases I’m aware of here involve train drivers in training, who sometimes slightly underestimate the effect of the gradient when braking. There are a few well-known spots. And I can usually tell quite early on in the braking phase that it’s going to happen. In most cases, the...

If every refugee had to stop and stay in the first safe country they reached, a tiny number of geographic border states would bear the entire global responsibility for displaced people. The idea treats refugees as administrative units rather than humans with existing ties. A person's "country of...

Politicians often argue that things like "generous welfare," "free housing," or "the right to work" act as magnets drawing asylum seekers to specific countries. Decades of research, including a major study of European asylum applications from 2008 to today, show that this is false. The single...

One could start by allowing refugees to enter the country via legal routes, as most European countries do anyway because of their land borders.

More efficient like "0.0% better under normal road driving conditions" or more efficient like "the second law of thermodynamics and the Carnot limit does not apply by BMW"?

Their kills are typically very rapid. As solitary cats, a lynx cannot afford a prolonged struggle with a large hoofed animal that could kick, injure, or exhaust it. Incidentally, it is also an argument that farmers repeatedly raise when the subject of releasing native animal species into the...

And that’s exactly where the problem lies. Whether it looks bad or not becomes the focus. Not whether using a phone or iPad is relevant to work or not. The ‘solutions’ then reflect this. Customers complain, management reacts, staff lose access to devices and, consequently, to information. But...

It is always interesting to read how seemingly every casual observer appears to be able to carry out any task better than the trained staff member currently involved. For years, we in the rail industry had to put up with comments about how outdated the technology we used was and how poor the...

What is this comparison supposed to tell us? That, from now on, all employees of all employers should work in accordance with your employer’s guidelines? I work in a safety-critical role in the rail sector. And I use my mobile phone frequently every day whilst at work. All relevant information...

What unwanted consequences? What a lynx does looks s bit like this: Regulates deer populations: Hunts weak and sick animals, keeping herds healthy. Reduces forest damage: Changes deer grazing habits, protecting young tree shoots. Promotes climate-resilient forests: Allows rare tree species like...

What I or anyone else or the railway considers to be a reasonable length of time is completely irrelevant. What matters is how long a group of paying customers can reasonably be expected to sit still. It’s not as if the railway had a choice in the matter. The general consensus seems to be around...

The broad, unconditional network access that old VPNs allowed is too dangerous for large organizations. Instead, enterprises have migrated to Zero Trust Network Access architectures (like Microsoft Entra)

Probably because it is 2026 and VPN for business is (or should be) dead by now? If they are using Laptops at all. Many of our multi screen and phone setups wouldn't work with a laptop.