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The cost of the welfare state - challenges posed and solutions

JamieL

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The other problem is rife hypocrisy, how many of those saying welfare must be cut were screaming like mad when Winter Fuel Allowance was to be means tested?
This is true - there needs to be wholesale cuts to benefits across the board - but clearly the State Pension and WFA are seemingly untouchable.
 
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brad465

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There are now proposals for parents to lose child benefit as part of a sentence for crimes committed by their children. Putting aside why this isn't already the case, this is where I think some forms of welfare should actually remain, so some form of leverage could be made out of it, and is why I thinking lifting the child benefit cap has upsides beyond more money for 3+ child families - if successive children misbehave but are not in receipt of child benefit, there's no financial incentive to discipline them:


Parents could lose their benefits or face prison sentences for their children's crimes under reforms to the youth justice system, a minister has said.

Youth Justice Minister Jake Richards told the Times newspaper the system "should hold parents to account in a proportionate way for ensuring that they play their role in keeping communities safe".

His comments come after the government set out plans in May to strengthen and expand Parenting Orders, which can currently compel parents or guardians to address their child's behaviour by attending counselling sessions or face fines.

Richards said prison sentences would only apply "in the most extreme cases" and would be up to judges' discretion.

He described the proposed changes in England and Wales as part of a "carrot-and-stick" approach.

"Parenting orders are going to make sure that parents are more involved in the process by which we try to turn around young offenders," Richards told the Times.

"Yes, that will have some stick. It could be custodial, or docking benefits - ultimately it will be up to a judge. But we want them to be more involved and that comes with responsibilities as well."

Critics of the proposals say engaging with parents on a voluntary basis is generally more effective in building trusting relationships and providing support.

Jess Mullen, chief executive of the Alliance for Youth Justice which represents more than 70 organisations that advocate for children, previously questioned how putting parents in prison would provide "stability or support for the child".

Andrew Neilson, director of campaigns at the Howard League for Penal Reform, told the BBC: "Reforming parenting orders in this way risks being ineffective at best and counter-productive at worst.

"Criminalising parents is unlikely to help children who need support, and putting them behind bars would only put further strain on a failing prison system that is already bursting at the seams."

When the government white paper was announced in May, then Justice Secretary David Lammy said that strengthening parenting orders would mean "there are real consequences for parents and carers who wilfully fail to support efforts to address their children's behaviour."

He told BBC Breakfast at the time that if a parent was struggling, then the "judge can intervene to make sure that the young person is getting the support that they need and the parent is doing the best that they can".

He also said he expected the power to jail parents to be used "very, very rarely".

Courts are currently required to consider issuing a Parenting Order where a child under 16 has been convicted of an offence.

They can also consider an order for 16 and 17-year-olds if they believe this would help prevent further offences.

The term of the order must not exceed 12 months and breach of a parenting order is a criminal offence with a maximum £1,000 fine, according to the Sentencing Council.

However, government statistics show the use of parenting orders has declined in recent years, from more than 1,000 orders in 2009/10 to just 33 in 2022/23.

The government's youth justice reform plans come after Phase One of the Southport Inquiry report found "catastrophic" failures by the parents of the Southport killer Axel Rudakubana and various agencies meant clear chances to prevent the 2024 child murders were missed.

In the interview with the Times, Richards also rejected calls from lawyers to raise the age of criminal responsibility from 10, saying it would undermine "public faith" in the justice system and it was "not a priority at all".

In June, the Bar Council, the representative body for barristers in England and Wales, said the threshold should rise to 14 due to criminalisation at such an early age not being an "effective, proportionate or just response".

The United Nations has previously pointed out the UK has some of the lowest ages of criminal responsibility in the world and that it should rise it to the UN recommendation of at least 14.

On Thursday, ministers met with local leaders and experts in Manchester to discuss how devolution could help reform youth justice.
 

Yew

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There are now proposals for parents to lose child benefit as part of a sentence for crimes committed by their children. Putting aside why this isn't already the case, this is where I think some forms of welfare should actually remain, so some form of leverage could be made out of it, and is why I thinking lifting the child benefit cap has upsides beyond more money for 3+ child families - if successive children misbehave but are not in receipt of child benefit, there's no financial incentive to discipline them:

No doubt the more sanctimonious types will be pleased by this, but given the clear link between poverty and crime, I struggle to imagine that it will actually solve the problem or save any money in the longer-term.
 

styles

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No doubt the more sanctimonious types will be pleased by this, but given the clear link between poverty and crime, I struggle to imagine that it will actually solve the problem or save any money in the longer-term.
Tough on crime, not not on the causes of crime.

Doesn't quite have the same ring to it.

I wonder what provisions there will be for parents to argue they've done what they can but effectively have no control over their children any more. There is a local business I know of which was targeted by Facebook posts from someone saying this business is run by X, mother of Y, who you can see here nicking phones on his unlicensed motorbike he's not even old enough to ride. The business had to put a post on their page to say X has done everything they can to get Y under control, including social services, reporting him to the police, and everything in between. But he's a teenager and when he heads off to school I've got no control over him then going to nick phones and he doesn't keep the motorbike at home so I can't even take that off him. Penalising that parent would in my view be unfair. He turned 16 a couple of days ago and has moved out apparently so there really is nothing she can do now.
 

Harpo

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clearly the State Pension and WFA are seemingly untouchable.
WFA is 100% reclaimed by HMG from anyone earning above £35,000 so is hardly untouchable and is effectively means tested. There is also the option to simply opt out.
there needs to be wholesale cuts to benefits across the board
Personally, I’m happy to pay more tax. What are you prepared to sacrifice?
 
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Merle Haggard

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Because I also have a rail pension, my state pension is included in the income for tax purposes once the total income is above the personal allowance. This is unusual for a benefit, as far as I can see - for instance child benefit isn't taxed until possibly £100,000.

For WFA it's considered that if your income is over £35,000 you don't receive it - it's means tested. But the level at which means testing cuts in for child benefit is £100,000.

It also seems to me that 'Motabilty' is neither means tested nor taxed.

Which approach is wrong?
 

Oldgaloot

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"Because I also have a rail pension, my state pension is included in the income for tax purposes once the total income is above the personal allowance. This is unusual for a benefit, as far as I can see - for instance child benefit isn't taxed until possibly £100,000."

Your state pension isn't a benefit it's a pension, a part of your income, and for some people most of their income and so it gets taxed. You can't have a welfare state without tax.

And we could save a lot of argy-bargy about the triple lock if we took a lot of the stuff that's nothing directly to do with energy out of standing charges in energy bills and let it go into general taxation where the better off would pay more than the poorest. At present the widow with her mite (the state pension) pays as much as whoever you care to mention with a lot of money. This would save an awful lot of faffing too.
 

Cdd89

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It also seems to me that 'Motabilty' is neither means tested nor taxed.
Rather like the care abroad thing above, Motability is not a benefit as such but rather a way of using mobility allowance (an existing disability benefit) toward a car. There are some tax advantages but these are relatively minor.

The issue is not the existence of these schemes per se but rather the number of people receiving disability benefits in the first place. When people used it to buy BMWs it obviously raised eyebrows; now that's been stopped but it hasn't saved any money since those same people still have a mobility allowance (or other package of disability benefits) that is presumably more than they truly need.

The Times ran a story on the OBR's projection that the amount of payments under PIP will double by 2030:
The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) has estimated the cost of personal independence payments (Pip) will nearly double from £26 billion in 2024 to £45 billion in 2030. The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) has estimated the cost of personal independence payments (Pip) will nearly double from £26 billion in 2024 to £45 billion in 2030.

While some of this is reallocation I feel it's pretty clear the disability bill is increasing in a way that is unaffordable; if something isn't done to try to remove people from this net (whether treatment or tightening qualification), my concern is that the most disabled people will suffer the most, as disability benefits will be squeezed across the board to make the sums add up. I'd much rather those who are most disabled get a far more generous package than broadening the eligibility and diluting the support.
 
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Merle Haggard

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"Because I also have a rail pension, my state pension is included in the income for tax purposes once the total income is above the personal allowance. This is unusual for a benefit, as far as I can see - for instance child benefit isn't taxed until possibly £100,000."

Your state pension isn't a benefit it's a pension, a part of your income, and for some people most of their income and so it gets taxed. You can't have a welfare state without tax.

And we could save a lot of argy-bargy about the triple lock if we took a lot of the stuff that's nothing directly to do with energy out of standing charges in energy bills and let it go into general taxation where the better off would pay more than the poorest. At present the widow with her mite (the state pension) pays as much as whoever you care to mention with a lot of money. This would save an awful lot of faffing too.
Section (1) (1) of the Pensions Act 2014 disagrees with you. It defines the State pension as a benefit.
 

Broucek

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Means testing is always wrong imo. At the high end because it removes incentives to get rich and at the low end because it's demeaning and often bites the most vulnerable.
It also adds considerable complexity... (Which the most vulnerable are often the least able to cope with)

But a simplistic view likes means testing. There were those who wanted the 2022/23 fuel subsidy to be means tested even though the admin cost would have far outweighed the saving (energy companies administered the subsidy and they don't know the income or savings of their customers)
 

Oldgaloot

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"Section (1) (1) of the Pensions Act 2014 disagrees with you. It defines the State pension as a benefit."

I think it's your interpretation that gives rise to the disagreement. The statute doesn't define the state pension as a benefit it describes it as a benefit which it is. As is free education, healthcare and various other things. But the state pension is chargeable to tax and that's not the case with what we generally understand as benefits. PIP, for example. Interesting argument but I don't want to find myself way of topic.
 

JamesT

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"Section (1) (1) of the Pensions Act 2014 disagrees with you. It defines the State pension as a benefit."

I think it's your interpretation that gives rise to the disagreement. The statute doesn't define the state pension as a benefit it describes it as a benefit which it is. As is free education, healthcare and various other things. But the state pension is chargeable to tax and that's not the case with what we generally understand as benefits. PIP, for example. Interesting argument but I don't want to find myself way of topic.
Some benefits are taxable, contribution-based JSA and ESA for example.

But I think the main thing that makes it a benefit is that what you get out of the state pension has no relation to what you paid in. You could have paid in hundreds of thousands of pounds of NI over your working lifetime, but you’d get the same state pension as someone who has been on benefits their whole life.

Whereas a ‘proper’ pension there is generally a fund that you have paid into and if you pay in more you will get more out. (This is a general principle, I know there are exceptions)
 

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