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What can be done to improve the safety of user worked crossings?

marshlinker

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Well this Rail Engineer Article from April 2024 suggests new AHBs are essentially banned: https://www.railengineer.co.uk/level-crossing-safety/

So any conversion of a UWC would need to be to a MCB variant - MCB-OD being the most likely today, and given that upgrading a MCB to MCB-OD cost £2m in 2018, I think the figure for converting a UWC to a MCB-OD would be in the £5-10m range. Taking £7.5m as a midpoint, that's £15 BILLION to convert all UWCs.

No wonder NR are trying to replace as many as possible with bridges, if you're paying bridge prices for a LC anyway. There's a wider discussion about whether we have an appropriate balance of cost and risk, and how much blame lands on "the railway" and how much lands on road users, but that's for a separate thread.
So how much do you think at Network Rail Prices the 3 new MCB-ODs on the Rother Valley Railway would cost us with foundations and road surface?
 
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edwin_m

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The light arrangement is also nowhere in the Highway Code or driving test.

UWCs are nowhere to be found where one might need to operate it oneself. This crossing had none of the standard Highway Code warning signs or lights.
There is this: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/road-works-level-crossings-and-tramways-288-to-307

Rule 296​

User-operated gates or barriers. Some crossings have ‘Stop’ signs and small red and green lights. You MUST NOT cross when the red light is showing, only cross if the green light is on. If crossing with a vehicle, you should

  • open the gates or barriers on both sides of the crossing
  • check that the green light is still on and cross quickly
  • close the gates or barriers when you are clear of the crossing.
However, it doesn't recognise the more recent standard-ish sized lights, or the variations in crossing use that are only explained on signs (such as who has to phone).
 

AlterEgo

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There is this: https://www.gov.uk/guidance/the-highway-code/road-works-level-crossings-and-tramways-288-to-307

However, it doesn't recognise the more recent standard-ish sized lights, or the variations in crossing use that are only explained on signs (such as who has to phone).
Thanks, I'd missed that. I was looking at the signage section. It does strike me as odd there is no standardised signage. If that gate was open and you did not know the roadit might not be obvious that was a level crossing until you were right on top of it. I wonder how bright the lights are. I assume they are nothing like the standard of a regular traffic light.
 

edwin_m

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Thanks, I'd missed that. I was looking at the signage section. It does strike me as odd there is no standardised signage. If that gate was open and you did not know the roadit might not be obvious that was a level crossing until you were right on top of it. I wonder how bright the lights are. I assume they are nothing like the standard of a regular traffic light.
One of the more recent designs is pictured in the article linked from #20. Hard to tell on a photo but they look much more visible than the older ones. That crossing also has pretty much the full suite of safety measures, whereas many of them are less well equipped.
 

Signal Head

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A little off topic but still regarding user worked crossings.

Where I worked UWCs with gates were bad at silaging time. Often numerous tractors are working an area as quickly as possible and with 10-20 minute block sections on absolute block would often leave the gates open and come and go all day without phoning and possibly being told to wait. I once had to put the brake in emergency as it seemed a tractor accelerated towards such a crossing as if to try to beat me, but braked hard at the last minute.

On a different note UWC with barriers are an interesting one.

If we spotted gates open at a UWC as we passed we would report to the signaller.

I came out of a station once towards a barriered UWC. I saw the barriers in the air (which was unusual there), placed the brake in and decided to stop and put them down.

I was later asked by my driver manager about a few minutes delay.

I said I stopped to put the barriers down.

He asked if I’d stop at a gated farm crossing to close the gates.

I responded probably not, adding that red and white barriers in the air are easier to spot than open gates low down and often partially hidden by vegetation. By the time you notice them open you are often too late to pull up. On this occasion slowly departing a station and seeing the barriers gave plenty of time to stop.

He was adamant I could’ve just carried on and phoned it in as with gates.

The thing is, he was/is absolutely correct.

But to me, someone who has never seen such a crossing, finding themselves on such a road and seeing barriers in the air is likely from a human factors point of view to jump to the conclusion no train could be approaching regardless of signage or a relatively small red light.
I agree with your logic and believe that from an overall safety point of view you acted correctly and in the best interests of the railway, its staff and users.

I wouldn't expect you to be criticised for your actions, and if in the same boat I think I'd have been asking for an estimate and a comparison of the delay minutes which would accrue were there to be a collision after you saw the issue but ignored it.
 

andy33gmail

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I’ve never understood that about user worked crossings

If barriers / gates are added and operated appropriately, I get the deterrent effect beyond that of the visible signals. But no physical restriction in practice for any crossing type

But given how many people see “barrier hasn’t closed yet => go”, they seem to just add a failure mode (two consecutive users are careless => protection lost)

Along the same lines, I can't help but feel the lights would be obeyed more if they were the full size large flashing lights present on larger crossings that everyone should know mean "level crossing, stop". The small red light is a bit unobvious, it isn't a proper traffic light, it isn't an "normal' crossing light.

More recent crossings of this type use larger red and green lights, about the same size as normal traffic lights but closer to ground level.
Still not comprehending the benefit of user worked barriers;

Normal road traffic signals; legally required, physically absent

Normal AHB; legally required, physically a chicane

Full barriers; logistically stupid (blocking road absurdly early to allow for train to stop from line speed), legally required, physically impassible without damage

User worked crossing; logically stupid (stopping both sides), legally required, physical situation entirely dependent on previous user’s mood
 

zwk500

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Still not comprehending the benefit of user worked barriers;
A normal UWC with gates (opening horizontally) was primarily for cost.

However, the option of a UWC with barriers (opening Vertically) is perhaps something that could be used more. Some are already in use - a youtuber did a video about one in Kent where you need to pump the barriers to raise them, and then they would lower either very slowly as the pressure dropped again or after a certain amount of time when the pressure dropped below a threshold.

A manual pump is probably no longer approved due to accessibility, but it would presumably be reasonably straightforward to design a system that had a 'push to cross' big plunger at the driver's side, and had a relay, microswitch or similar in it so that if the Miniature stop lights turned red the barriers wouldn't raise, or would stop raising and return. It'd need a local power supply and more maintenance so obviously isn't as cheap as the UWC with just gates and lights, but as it wouldn't have any controls or interlocking needed in the signal box (only failure indicators) then it would be a darn sight cheaper than a MCB(-CCTV/OD).
 

edwin_m

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Gates or barriers operated by the user pressing a button have several potential advantages.

The user only needs to cross once, rather than five times if they need to open and close both gates separately.

As mentioned the opening can be inhibited if the red light is lit.

Avoids the risk that the user, preoccupied with opening the gates, forgets to check the lights again afterwards.

More likely they will close the gates if they just have to push the button instead of getting out of their vehicle to close them by hand, and they know it's similarly easy to open them again next time they use it.
 

Falcon1200

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I saw the barriers in the air (which was unusual there), placed the brake in and decided to stop and put them down.

I was later asked by my driver manager about a few minutes delay.

I said I stopped to put the barriers down.

He asked if I’d stop at a gated farm crossing to close the gates.

Stopping, and lowering the barriers was absolutely the right thing to do. In my experience, if a Driver reported gates left open at a UWC trains would be cautioned and the Driver of the next train was usually asked to close the gates.
 

Kentish RYS

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A normal UWC with gates (opening horizontally) was primarily for cost.

However, the option of a UWC with barriers (opening Vertically) is perhaps something that could be used more. Some are already in use - a youtuber did a video about one in Kent where you need to pump the barriers to raise them, and then they would lower either very slowly as the pressure dropped again or after a certain amount of time when the pressure dropped below a threshold.

A manual pump is probably no longer approved due to accessibility, but it would presumably be reasonably straightforward to design a system that had a 'push to cross' big plunger at the driver's side, and had a relay, microswitch or similar in it so that if the Miniature stop lights turned red the barriers wouldn't raise, or would stop raising and return. It'd need a local power supply and more maintenance so obviously isn't as cheap as the UWC with just gates and lights, but as it wouldn't have any controls or interlocking needed in the signal box (only failure indicators) then it would be a darn sight cheaper than a MCB(-CCTV/OD).

Gates or barriers operated by the user pressing a button have several potential advantages.

The user only needs to cross once, rather than five times if they need to open and close both gates separately.

As mentioned the opening can be inhibited if the red light is lit.

Avoids the risk that the user, preoccupied with opening the gates, forgets to check the lights again afterwards.

More likely they will close the gates if they just have to push the button instead of getting out of their vehicle to close them by hand, and they know it's similarly easy to open them again next time they use it.
The older hydraulic pump one have their own issues, there is a new replacement, Power Operated Gate Opener (POGO) to be added to user worked crossings (UWC). These are electric gates with a button with the advantage, as edwin_m says, less crossings required by the user. The parts are, I believe, much less bespoke. Also there is a signage change for all UWC happening after a few incidents in recent years, changing the normal gated crossing sign to a specific one with a gate and train.

The introduction of POGOs hasn't been without issue and when looking for the RAIB report, I actually fond a summary of learning on UWC that was published in 2020 and updated in May 2024 and has a lot of the details of learning and industry practice (though not the new signs, they are too new I think) and links to RAIB reports


Independent report

Summary of learning - 1. Design and operation of user worked level crossings - v5. May 2024​

Published 2 April 2020

Contents​

  1. 1.Purpose of this summary
  2. 2.Overview
  3. 3.Important areas for safety learning
  4. 4.Rail industry’s strategic safety groups
  5. 5.Relevant RAIB publications
Print this page

1. Purpose of this summary​

The purpose of this document is to provide a repository of some of the most important areas of learning identified in RAIB’s investigations to date, cross-referenced to relevant reports. It therefore provides a reference source for those looking to understand real-world railway safety issues and potential control measures.
 

zwk500

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The older hydraulic pump one have their own issues, there is a new replacement, Power Operated Gate Opener (POGO) to be added to user worked crossings (UWC). These are electric gates with a button with the advantage, as edwin_m says, less crossings required by the user. The parts are, I believe, much less bespoke. Also there is a signage change for all UWC happening after a few incidents in recent years, changing the normal gated crossing sign to a specific one with a gate and train.

The introduction of POGOs hasn't been without issue and when looking for the RAIB report, I actually fond a summary of learning on UWC that was published in 2020 and updated in May 2024 and has a lot of the details of learning and industry practice (though not the new signs, they are too new I think) and links to RAIB reports

Thanks for that link, really informative.
 

andy33gmail

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A normal UWC with gates (opening horizontally) was primarily for cost.
I got my emphasis slightly wrong

If there is not the budget for the other solutions, why bother having gates at all? What advantage is there beyond wig-wags or traffic signals only?
 

The exile

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I see that the max fine for failing to close gates is a £1000 fine under the

Railways Clauses Consolidation Act 1845.​

As far as I can see leaving gates open is not a motoring offence and so generates a criminal record.

It ought to be an easy crime to catch and prosecute offenders. A little spent on enforcement could save a lot of money.
Along with better enforcement, let’s start with £10K + enforced (immediate) surrender without compensation of any vehicle involved .
 

edwin_m

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What advantage is there beyond wig-wags or traffic signals only?
Where the crossing is connecting fields, the gates are needed to prevent livestock going onto the railway. Someone suggested cattle grids upthread but sometimes the farmer wiill need to take livestock over the railway.

I agree it's a more questionable where the crossing is for access to property, but clearly incidents take place when people ignore the red lights and they can't really not be aware of the crossing if they have to open the gates. This does of course assume the previous user has closed them.
 

philthetube

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Is leaving the gates open and offence and if not should it be made endorsable, seems to me that to do this this would be an easy solution to this problem.

a camera capturing number plates and view of the driver opening gates would be all needed.

This could work for all problem user crossings, not just this one.

Along with better enforcement, let’s start with £10K + enforced (immediate) surrender without compensation of any vehicle involved .
That would work,

As I said upthread this would be a really easy law to enforce. Driver has to get out of vehicle to open gates so easily captured on film, prosecute a few dozen and save a few million in accidents.
 

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