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Borders Railway - 10 years on

och aye

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While it's now nearly 11 years on since the Borders Railway opened, I only realised that the line was this old from this Network Rail press release published yesterday, bringing the 10th anniversary celebrations to an end.

It would be interesting to know the thoughts, especially those who use or live near the line, as to what difference reintroducing passenger rail services in Midlothian and the Scottish Borders has made to them and the areas it serves over the last decade or so.


Thousands of young footballers and their families came together in Galashiels on Sunday (7 June) as a major community football festival brought the Borders Railway tenth anniversary celebrations to a close.


Around 2,500 players, coaches and spectators from 140 boys and girls teams gathered at Netherdale Playing Fields for a packed afternoon of football and other community activities.


The festival was organised by the Borders Railway Community Partnership (BRCP), in partnership with Network Rail, ScotRail, Scottish Borders Council and the Scottish Borders Junior Football Association.
 
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thenorthern

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Passenger numbers have been relatively good along the line and the service levels have been good. I think I read somewhere that passenger numbers are more than 3 times what was expected.

It's a shame that the original plans were never fully implemented, as the line was going to be double-tracked and electrified, in the line was built largely single-tracked and not electrified.
 

Russel

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Doesn't time fly!

10 Years ago I planned to take a ride on this when it opens and I still haven't got around to doing it.
 

The exile

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Passenger numbers have been relatively good along the line and the service levels have been good. I think I read somewhere that passenger numbers are more than 3 times what was expected.

It's a shame that the original plans were never fully implemented, as the line was going to be double-tracked and electrified, in the line was built largely single-tracked and not electrified.
Well the electrification is at least happening now (in part)
 

James H

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Seem to remember lots of naysayers posting here saying it would be a white elephant
 

SuspectUsual

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I read somewhere that passenger numbers are more than 3 times what was expected.

If that’s the case, putting it alongside the Ashington reopening exceeding NR’s expectations makes me wonder - do they deliberately underestimate to increase their chances of having a good news story to tell, or are they just a bit rubbish at estimating?
 

Bald Rick

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If that’s the case, putting it alongside the Ashington reopening exceeding NR’s expectations makes me wonder - do they deliberately underestimate to increase their chances of having a good news story to tell, or are they just a bit rubbish at estimating?

Passenger numbers are broadly in line with the estimates.
 

GuyGibsonVC

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It is still on my list to do as there is some cracking walking and history in the Scottish Borders.

It seems to have been as success against all the usual metrics and I’m sure the locals don’t mind it at all.

On that note, has there been a reopening in recent history that hasn’t been a success?
 
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I think the passenger take is quicker than expected; ie the expected numbers are reached earlier than expected.
 

thenorthern

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If that’s the case, putting it alongside the Ashington reopening exceeding NR’s expectations makes me wonder - do they deliberately underestimate to increase their chances of having a good news story to tell, or are they just a bit rubbish at estimating?

I doubt it as to get funding the line has to have a relatively high estimate of usage.

There are many lines and stations that have not met expectations such as the Sinfin Branch (opened in 1976 and closed in 1998), East Midlands Parkway (2009), Coleshill Parkway (2007), Ebbsfleet International (2007) all failed to live up to expectations.
 

Kingston Dan

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I think the passenger take is quicker than expected; ie the expected numbers are reached earlier than expected.
And my understanding is also they're higher further out and lower further in as overcrowding has been a problem at the stations at the Edinburgh end. Time to be planning a split inner/outer service?
 

Kite159

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I doubt it as to get funding the line has to have a relatively high estimate of usage.

There are many lines and stations that have not met expectations such as the Sinfin Branch (opened in 1976 and closed in 1998), East Midlands Parkway (2009), Coleshill Parkway (2007), Ebbsfleet International (2007) all failed to live up to expectations.
Although wasn't it more a case with the Sinfin branch the train service was rubbish?

Coleshill Parkway suffers from highish (?) parking charges (where it was previously free parking) and high-ish fares (£8.50 anytime day return) to Birmingham which makes it less appealing to use as a park & ride compared to one of the tram stops or even somewhere like Tame Bridge Parkway
 

waverley47

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And my understanding is also they're higher further out and lower further in as overcrowding has been a problem at the stations at the Edinburgh end.

Bald Rick is right, but this is also right. Pax numbers from Brunstane were never that high to begin with, number from Eskbank and Newtongrange are a bit lower than predicted, mainly due to competition with the ever expanding empire of Lothian Buses, and numbers from Stow and further out are higher than predicted, mainly due to strengthening economic ties with the economic growth of Edinburgh, and more reasons for people to make the journey.

Numbers from Newcraighall, Shawfair and Gorebridge are pretty much bang on a decade down the line.

Uptake on the line was definitely faster than could reasonably be shown to be likely, but not faster than predicted. The difference between what is known, and what is provable, is sometimes difficult to square. We assumed the uptake would be faster than accounted for in the documentation, but because we couldn't reasonably show it to be likely, it couldn't be counted.

Honestly, most of these projects run on accounting periods of several decades, and whether passenger growth plateaus after three years, or after ten, is a rounding error in the grand scheme of things.

If that’s the case, putting it alongside the Ashington reopening exceeding NR’s expectations makes me wonder - do they deliberately underestimate to increase their chances of having a good news story to tell, or are they just a bit rubbish at estimating?

We didn't ever under or over estimate the number of passengers we thought would use the line. The estimates we made were best guesses, for this line and many others. Deliberately skewing the estimates of passengers makes our work look less reliable, and makes the overall likelihood of any future projects succeeding to go down.

There are difficulties in best guesses though. For example, passenger numbers, especially from the inner end of the line, are quite fluid. If Lothian increases the frequency on a bus, or changes a route, which they can do because buses aren't bound by the laws of physics in quite the same way trains are, then passenger numbers can jump or crash overnight.

If the line did well, then surely Lothian would want to compete by introducing competitive bus routes, which would attract people away from the line. Therefore while you're using passenger numbers as a marker of overall success, you're also predicting the unexpected.

We did however, with very good reasons to, undervalue the economic importance of the journeys made. We weren't trying to prove that the line would bring economic regeneration, we already knew that, instead we had to prove that the line would wash it's face even if no economic growth materialised. The line had to be an economic benefit from the moment it was built; there was no land value capture tax to fund it based on increasing house prices in Galashiels a decade down the line.

We had to prove or disprove that the line, as built, was a worthwhile use of public funds.



Now, on to some personal reflections.

I'm disappointed by the lack of uptake from charter traffic down the line. A lot of work went into the design of Tweedbank station to allow for that, and although there were ultimately other reasons for every decision made, and the main focus was only ever service trains, it is a shame that some of the tour companies haven't made more of an effort to show off the line.

I appreciate that this has more to do with a general downturn in the charter market and the general economic woes and high costs of such operations, but alas.

I'm disappointed that more effort hasn't been made by Edinburgh and the borders to use the line to link the city more with it's surroundings. Think of the very close links between Edinburgh and North Berwick, with Fringe by the Sea and other such events attracting tens If thousands of people a year. If the council in the borders were so inclined, they could use the line as a jumping board to capitalise on some of the success of Edinburgh, and bring in outside visitors.

I'm disappointed by the lack of advertising of places like Abbotsford House and Melrose Abbey, both of which are within walking distance of the line, and both of which I have visited by train, to attract day trippers. The same goes for some of the mountain biking areas near the line.

Overall though, I'm glad the line was built, and I think it's a beautiful journey in the summer, up there with parts of the lines through the Highlands. It's always busy and popular, and it has proven itself.

I'm glad from a professional standpoint, but also that it stand as an example to other campaigns. Honestly, I'm sometimes frustrated by people on here and elsewhere trying to justify any project with the logic that the Borders line was a success, so powers that be may as well take a chance on their line. Nonetheless, I'm immensely proud to have been part of the line, and to have played my part in getting it open. I'm proud that it serves as inspiration, and I'm proud that it will be there forever as a project that shows how important investment in infrastructure can be.
 

thenorthern

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When the Borders Railway was being discussed in the early 2000s it was often mentioned as part of the proposed Edinburgh crossrail which at the time ran from Newcraighall to locations west of Edinburgh, such as Bathgate.

The Edinburgh Cross Rail has now largely been abandoned and to my knowledge, no Scotrail services run through Waverley in that they all start or terminate there. Are there any plans for the Edinburgh Crossrail to resume?
 

Falcon1200

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I'm disappointed by the lack of uptake from charter traffic down the line.

Is there not an issue with pathing anything additional over the route? Although, personally, I would love to see charters taking a service train path and acting as that as well as the special!

The Borders Railway is a magnificent achievement, even with the constraints of the infrastructure provided, and in the early days, occasional faults with the brand new signalling equipment. This led, one Saturday afternoon, to a Mexican stand-off at the southern end of the line, with 4 trains standing, none of which could move forward! Eventually, IIRC, one had to return to Tweedbank to get things going.
 

GordonT

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The Edinburgh Cross Rail has now largely been abandoned and to my knowledge, no Scotrail services run through Waverley in that they all start or terminate there. Are there any plans for the Edinburgh Crossrail to resume?
There was perhaps more scope for it prior to electrification to Bathgate and to Dunblane? However the approaches to Edinburgh especially from/to the west are very intensively scheduled and the potential to propogate disruption, when it occurs, becomes much greater when services are bolted onto each other across the city.
 

JamieL

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I don't live in the area but work with people that do who have nothing but positive things to say about the Borders railway. Let's hope the mooted extension gets approved and built.
 

The exile

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Although wasn't it more a case with the Sinfin branch the train service was rubbish?
And what was provided didn’t fit with changing work patterns. However, as a concept it was really on a hiding to nothing - a line linking an industrial area to a town centre station which the majority of potential commuters would have to travel to first. As an additional station on an existing line it might have been viable - as a stand-alone, never.
 

tbtc

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We've only mentioned the passenger numbers being above expectation (even though they are now broadly in line with expectation, after an initial surge, partly due to the line opening later than expected, meaning people had more time to adjust, house builders had longer to anticipate demand, the initial rush of daytrippers boosting numbers in the early years).

No mention of the fact it was approximately fifty percent over budget (£300m+ compared to more like £200m) though, despite the obvious descoping

Or the fact that this line was built as the price of the LibDems going into coalition with Labour at Holyrood, so the passenger forecasts weren't the yardstick that showed it had the best case of any Scottish scheme, it's more that the forecasts were an afterthought, a box ticking exercise after the decision to build it had already been reached (so saying it best forecasts, at least in the first couple of years, misses the point of how unimportant those were)

And better not mention the various openings that underperformed. I don't think that the Newcraighall branch (as was), Larkhall, Airdrie to Bathgate etc set the heather on fire. Maybe the "Reston - ten years on" thread won't be quite so one sided

Alloa's numbers looked good but cherry picking certain stats only gets you so far (if you mention that the Borders stations are punching above their weight then it's only fair to mention that the Midlothian ones are punching below theirs, despite the council run bus operator helpfully removing some parallel services and diverting others to serve Eskbank station)


Seem to remember lots of naysayers posting here saying it would be a white elephant

AIUI, the concept of a "White Elephant" comes from the Indian subcontinent, where giving someone a white elephant was seen as a generous gift that couldn't be refused, however the necessary upkeep it was a drain on resources.

You couldn't say no to it, that would be disrespectful. You couldn't dispose of it, since that would be an insult to whoever bestowed it upon you.

But every month it was a drain on your resources, meaning you had to sacrifice other spending to maintain this expensive Pachyderm

So, since (AFAICS) the Tweedbank line isn't profitable (?), the subsidy to maintain it must come from Scotland's rail budget, money that could have be spent elsewhere

By that definition it is a White Elephant

You can certainly argue that it's "useful", that it's a good thing that it was eventually built, that pretty much no other Scottish lines make any profit (so we shouldn't judge Tweedbank for being unprofitable, when basket cases like Stranraer/ Kyle of Lochalsh etc exist)

You can take the view that the fact it was reopened means that it was a success, regardless of the hundreds of millions of cost to build or the subsidies necessary to sustain it, and that's fine, everyone can have an opinion

However, it IS a drain on resources, a net cost to the transport budget, so meets the White Elephant definition in my eyes
 

Djgr

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We've only mentioned the passenger numbers being above expectation (even though they are now broadly in line with expectation, after an initial surge, partly due to the line opening later than expected, meaning people had more time to adjust, house builders had longer to anticipate demand, the initial rush of daytrippers boosting numbers in the early years).

No mention of the fact it was approximately fifty percent over budget (£300m+ compared to more like £200m) though, despite the obvious descoping

Or the fact that this line was built as the price of the LibDems going into coalition with Labour at Holyrood, so the passenger forecasts weren't the yardstick that showed it had the best case of any Scottish scheme, it's more that the forecasts were an afterthought, a box ticking exercise after the decision to build it had already been reached (so saying it best forecasts, at least in the first couple of years, misses the point of how unimportant those were)

And better not mention the various openings that underperformed. I don't think that the Newcraighall branch (as was), Larkhall, Airdrie to Bathgate etc set the heather on fire. Maybe the "Reston - ten years on" thread won't be quite so one sided

Alloa's numbers looked good but cherry picking certain stats only gets you so far (if you mention that the Borders stations are punching above their weight then it's only fair to mention that the Midlothian ones are punching below theirs, despite the council run bus operator helpfully removing some parallel services and diverting others to serve Eskbank station)




AIUI, the concept of a "White Elephant" comes from the Indian subcontinent, where giving someone a white elephant was seen as a generous gift that couldn't be refused, however the necessary upkeep it was a drain on resources.

You couldn't say no to it, that would be disrespectful. You couldn't dispose of it, since that would be an insult to whoever bestowed it upon you.

But every month it was a drain on your resources, meaning you had to sacrifice other spending to maintain this expensive Pachyderm

So, since (AFAICS) the Tweedbank line isn't profitable (?), the subsidy to maintain it must come from Scotland's rail budget, money that could have be spent elsewhere

By that definition it is a White Elephant

You can certainly argue that it's "useful", that it's a good thing that it was eventually built, that pretty much no other Scottish lines make any profit (so we shouldn't judge Tweedbank for being unprofitable, when basket cases like Stranraer/ Kyle of Lochalsh etc exist)

You can take the view that the fact it was reopened means that it was a success, regardless of the hundreds of millions of cost to build or the subsidies necessary to sustain it, and that's fine, everyone can have an opinion

However, it IS a drain on resources, a net cost to the transport budget, so meets the White Elephant definition in my eyes
What a negative post. Who got out of bed the wrong side today?
 

NCT

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Bald Rick is right, but this is also right. Pax numbers from Brunstane were never that high to begin with, number from Eskbank and Newtongrange are a bit lower than predicted, mainly due to competition with the ever expanding empire of Lothian Buses, and numbers from Stow and further out are higher than predicted, mainly due to strengthening economic ties with the economic growth of Edinburgh, and more reasons for people to make the journey.

Numbers from Newcraighall, Shawfair and Gorebridge are pretty much bang on a decade down the line.

Uptake on the line was definitely faster than could reasonably be shown to be likely, but not faster than predicted. The difference between what is known, and what is provable, is sometimes difficult to square. We assumed the uptake would be faster than accounted for in the documentation, but because we couldn't reasonably show it to be likely, it couldn't be counted.

Honestly, most of these projects run on accounting periods of several decades, and whether passenger growth plateaus after three years, or after ten, is a rounding error in the grand scheme of things.



We didn't ever under or over estimate the number of passengers we thought would use the line. The estimates we made were best guesses, for this line and many others. Deliberately skewing the estimates of passengers makes our work look less reliable, and makes the overall likelihood of any future projects succeeding to go down.

There are difficulties in best guesses though. For example, passenger numbers, especially from the inner end of the line, are quite fluid. If Lothian increases the frequency on a bus, or changes a route, which they can do because buses aren't bound by the laws of physics in quite the same way trains are, then passenger numbers can jump or crash overnight.

If the line did well, then surely Lothian would want to compete by introducing competitive bus routes, which would attract people away from the line. Therefore while you're using passenger numbers as a marker of overall success, you're also predicting the unexpected.

We did however, with very good reasons to, undervalue the economic importance of the journeys made. We weren't trying to prove that the line would bring economic regeneration, we already knew that, instead we had to prove that the line would wash it's face even if no economic growth materialised. The line had to be an economic benefit from the moment it was built; there was no land value capture tax to fund it based on increasing house prices in Galashiels a decade down the line.

We had to prove or disprove that the line, as built, was a worthwhile use of public funds.



Now, on to some personal reflections.

I'm disappointed by the lack of uptake from charter traffic down the line. A lot of work went into the design of Tweedbank station to allow for that, and although there were ultimately other reasons for every decision made, and the main focus was only ever service trains, it is a shame that some of the tour companies haven't made more of an effort to show off the line.

I appreciate that this has more to do with a general downturn in the charter market and the general economic woes and high costs of such operations, but alas.

I'm disappointed that more effort hasn't been made by Edinburgh and the borders to use the line to link the city more with it's surroundings. Think of the very close links between Edinburgh and North Berwick, with Fringe by the Sea and other such events attracting tens If thousands of people a year. If the council in the borders were so inclined, they could use the line as a jumping board to capitalise on some of the success of Edinburgh, and bring in outside visitors.

I'm disappointed by the lack of advertising of places like Abbotsford House and Melrose Abbey, both of which are within walking distance of the line, and both of which I have visited by train, to attract day trippers. The same goes for some of the mountain biking areas near the line.

Overall though, I'm glad the line was built, and I think it's a beautiful journey in the summer, up there with parts of the lines through the Highlands. It's always busy and popular, and it has proven itself.

I'm glad from a professional standpoint, but also that it stand as an example to other campaigns. Honestly, I'm sometimes frustrated by people on here and elsewhere trying to justify any project with the logic that the Borders line was a success, so powers that be may as well take a chance on their line. Nonetheless, I'm immensely proud to have been part of the line, and to have played my part in getting it open. I'm proud that it serves as inspiration, and I'm proud that it will be there forever as a project that shows how important investment in infrastructure can be.

Thanks, as always, for a comprehensive and insightful response.

How much of the Final Business Case forecasts are published? I can only find Year 1 station forecasts in the EY FBC - am I right in thinking post-'lag' forecasts haven't made it into the public domain?

If outer stations overperformed and inner stations underperformed forecasts, has overall revenue overperformed forecasts?

Thanks.
 

zwk500

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If that’s the case, putting it alongside the Ashington reopening exceeding NR’s expectations makes me wonder - do they deliberately underestimate to increase their chances of having a good news story to tell, or are they just a bit rubbish at estimating?
Ashington numbers are within a re asonable margin of error of the published Outline Business Case. The 5x number that has been talked about is simply incorrect.

I should really bookmark my post from a while back... Hang on, I'll grab the link.
 

waverley47

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am I right in thinking post-'lag' forecasts haven't made it into the public domain?

Indeed. It's commercially sensitive, and the methodology, which I have talked through and explained in some ways on here previously, is all proprietary. I wouldn't expect any such study to outline projected ridership numbers in the public domain, although given my position now, I am able to talk about why the methodology is what it is.

If outer stations overperformed and inner stations underperformed forecasts, has overall revenue overperformed forecasts?

Revenue is generally not forecasted beyond the first ten years, mainly because we can't model inflation and economic growth beyond that period. What we can do is model the difference in economic performance with and without a line.

We modelled the net increase in farebox revenue as a percentage based on best estimates of ridership, and the net increase in subsidy based on best estimates of NR's OPEX budget. Putting the two together, you can make a reasonable guess at how much the line costs to run.

We can also make a reasonable guess at the percentage of economic growth which would be allowed by the line, looking at soft parallels and car numbers and bus journeys, looking at the numbers of people who count as a passenger, as half a passenger, or a minute fraction of a passenger, who live in various bands around the stations. We can look at road congestion and commuting and where house building is likely to be unlocked.

Putting all that together, you can give a range of estimates for how much extra economic growth would be unlocked by the line, and as such, you can broadly estimate the benefit to the taxpayer of spending money as an investment, and get your BCR that way.
 

zwk500

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From post #24 above
I should really bookmark my post from a while back... Hang on, I'll grab the link.

On Ebbw Junction forecasts:
So a Welsh Government report has some very significant caveats to that:
View attachment 196008
(from https://www.gov.wales/sites/default...9-06/180125-valleys-rail-strengthening-en.pdf)

Welsh Government report reads:
..research undertaken by the UK Department for Transport (DfT) found that patronage on the Ebbw Vale line exceeded forecasts by some 450% .... The reasons cited for this by Dft [sic] were 1) the exclusion of rail demand arising from the regeneration of the area and also the assumption that the Ebbw Vale steelworks would remain open and 2) the fact that the rail service operates to Cardiff rather than Newport (as assumed in the modelling).

So when people are claiming 450% they are comparing the absolute worst-case scenario projections.

"first forecast" is also a noteworthy wording.
On Borders:
The Scottish Government reports states that the Borders railway rather neatly matched expectations:
View attachment 196009
(from https://www.transport.gov.scot/media/41659/sct02189915561.pdf)
[Screenshot reads:]
Passenger Numbers
The Year 1 Evaluation Report noted that a total of 1,267,599 passengers were carried in the first full year of operation (defined as the period 20/09/2015 to 17/09/2016 based on Network Rail industry periods). This was compared to a forecast figure of 1,294,272 although there were large differences at the station level with over-forecasts at the Midlothian stations and under-forecasts at the Borders stations.

In Year 2, analysis of LENNON data provides an equivalent figure of 1,387,819 (defined as the period 18/09/2016 to 16/09/2017), an overall increase of 9.5% over Year 1. It is common for passenger numbers on new rail services to ‘ramp up’ over time and this figure is broadly in line with expectations in this respect. Overall, the number of people travelling to Galashiels and Tweedbank has fallen slightly compared to Year 1 which may be a reflection of a the ‘novelty’ impact of the new line wearing off. Otherwise all stations, including all Midlothian stations, have seen an increase in inbound and outbound travel since Year 1.

note that the Year 1 forecast was overestimated by 26,673 passengers. That's a 2% margin of error.
On Northumberland Line
To quote from the article:

15 months after its first operational run back in December 2024.
Since then, an estimated 1.4 million passenger journeys have been made on the line.

The demand modelling predicting 1.4m journeys [annually] once the 6 stations and 2tph service was running is publicly available on a quick google:
View attachment 201434

So the journey numbers are slightly exceeding the projects, but not by an awful lot,
 

David M

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And my understanding is also they're higher further out and lower further in as overcrowding has been a problem at the stations at the Edinburgh end. Time to be planning a split inner/outer service?
Rather than an inner/outer service, simply extend the lenghts of the trains. I realise units aren't simply lying about but the longer the train the less likely it is to be standing room only.
It doesn't help that people don't move down to the middle of the carriages but a 6 coach 170 would always be prefererable to a 2 coach 158.
Vast majority are now 3 coach 170s which certainly helps a bit but the resilience is lacking for busier times.
Living in the Borders but travelling regularly to Glasgow and beyond, the line has been magnificent - compared to the old X95, it's like night and day.
Bit of a grump is that toilets appear to be getting less reliable - I'm guessing they're no longer being emptied as regularly as they used to be.
Last gripe is that the 2043 on a Saturday night from Waverley never seems to arrive at Tweedbank on time!
Wait, here's another one - the amount of people travelling from Tweedbank to Galashiels and back without a ticket needs addressed.
 

HighlandStorm

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[snip]

However, it IS a drain on resources, a net cost to the transport budget, so meets the White Elephant definition in my eyes
So the totality of your post reads like - the Scottish rail network is a drain on resources that could be better spent elsewhere. Basically jog on!
 

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