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Electrical grid "crash", affecting multiple European countries

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signed

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Since 1230 UTC+2, a generalized electricity outage is currently affecting Spain, Portugal, Italy, Andorra, France and Germany


Protecció Civil ha activado el plan Procicat pide que solo se llame el 112 en caso de emergencia importante.


⚠️⚠️ Hi ha una incidència que afecta a la xarxa elèctrica. El @112 està rebent moltes trucades demanant informació. Per evitar esperes en el @112 si us plau truqueu només en cas d'emergència. Gràcies!!!!! ⚠️⚠️
— Protecció civil (@emergenciescat) April 28, 20
Civil Protection has activated the Procicat plan and asks that 112 only be called in the event of a major emergency.

⚠️⚠️ There is an incident affecting the electrical network. @112 is receiving many calls requesting information. To avoid waiting at @112, please call only in case of emergency. Thank you!!!!! ⚠️⚠️

— Civil Protection (@emergenciescat) April 28, 2025

Renfe has completely ceased service across Spain
Renfe también informa a través de altavoces a las estacionas que a nivel nacional queda interrumpida toda la circulación.
Renfe also informs through loudspeakers in the stations that all traffic is interrupted at the national level.
 
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LNW-GW Joint

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Spain's transport system badly affected, with no power to electric trains.
Spanish railway operator says 'entire' grid cut off
Spain's national railway company, Renfe, says the country's "entire National Electricity Grid was cut off" at 12:30 local time (11:30 BST).
"Trains stopped" and were "without departures" at all stations, the company says.
 

signed

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Operations have been suspended at Madrid and Lisbon airport. Terminal 2 at Barcelona is closed as well.


Caída de las operaciones en los aeropuertos de Madrid y Lisboa
Los controladores aéreos han informado a través de su cuenta en la red social X de regulaciones del tráfico en los dos grandes hubs de la península: Madrid-Barajas y Lisboa. Entre las aerolíneas reina la confusión mientras se trata de restablecer el suministro eléctrico a través de instalaciones de emergencia. También comienzan a reportarse cancelaciones en Barcelona-El Prat.
Operations suspended at Madrid and Lisbon airports

Air traffic controllers have reported on their social media account X about traffic regulations at the two major hubs on the Iberian Peninsula: Madrid-Barajas and Lisbon. Airlines are in a state of confusion as they try to restore power through emergency facilities. Cancellations are also beginning to be reported at Barcelona-El Prat.
Rumors are that Barcelona metro is getting evacuated as well
 

LNW-GW Joint

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The disruption appears to be confined to mainland Iberia and possibly adjacent regions (Andorra, south western France).
No apparent sign of disruption in Italy or Germany, nor in the Balearics or Canaries.
The power outage is being compared to the event when the UK grid shut down when a major wind farm source in the North Sea went offline.
The grid could not maintain the standard frequency so shut down automatically and had to be rebooted gradually.
 

Howardh

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There will be questions a la Heathrow as to why the major airports aren't self-contained r/e Power?

Obviously a lot of investigation to do, but could it be anything to do with a solar flare?
 

Bletchleyite

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Obviously a lot of investigation to do, but could it be anything to do with a solar flare?

I'd be more inclined to look to the east myself, and maybe have a quick shot of Vodka.

Edit: LBC seem to be reporting the Spanish electricity company is reporting it to be caused by rare atmospheric conditions causing oscillation on the power lines themselves! Very curious.


‘Extremely rare weather phenomenon’ behind Europe power cuts - as Portugal blames 'fault' in Spanish network
28 April 2025, 15:25 | Updated: 28 April 2025, 15:38

Spanish government says it is "making every effort" to resolve the massive blackout
Multiple airlines report disruptions to services
Lisbon metro completely stopped
Most of Spain’s traffic signalling goes offline sparking chaos
Madrid Metro evacuated
Telephone lines across Spain go down
Have you been affected? Contact online@lbc.co.uk

Portugal has blamed Spain for a mass power outage which has affected large swatches of both countries and parts of France.


Portugal's grid operator, REN (Rede Eletrica Nacional) claimed interruptions to the country's power supply were the result of a "fault in the Spanish electricity grid".

They said this was related to a "rare atmospheric phenomenon", namely "extreme temperature variations".

Due to these variations in the interior or Spain, there were "anomalous oscillations in the very high voltage lines (400 KV), which is a phenomenon known as 'induced atmospheric vibration'".

"These oscillations caused synchronisation failures between the electrical systems, leading to successive disturbances across the interconnected European network."

Spain has yet to respond to the claim.

REN added that normalisation of the system could take up to a week.

Earlier, it was claimed by the head of Spain's electricity network restoring power could take around six to 10 hours.

Follow our live blog for all the latest updates

A security guard speaks with a woman outside a temporarily closed metro station in Madrid
A security guard speaks with a woman outside a temporarily closed metro station in Madrid. Picture: Alamy
Entire airports and metro systems have come to a halt due to the outage.

Barajas Airport in Madrid remains without power while the Valencia metro suspended all services.

Metrovalencia, which encompasses both metro and tram services in Valencia, said there was disruption due to a "general power outage".

It added: "The extent and duration of the outage are unknown."

Spain's national rail operator, Renfe, said no single service had been able to leave stations following the outage.

Parts of Madrid underground have been evacuated and traffic lights in the city are not working, local media reported.

Phone lines are down across the country too.

There are also reports of outages in France and Germany.

France's grid operator RTE issued a statement saying parts of the country briefly lost power.


Madrid's mayor warned residents to stay put during the outage.

Sharing a video on social media, José Luis Martínez-Almeida said: "I ask all residents of Madrid to keep their movements to an absolute minimum and, if at all possible, to remain where they are. We want to keep all roads clear."

He asked residents to only call emergency services if it is "truly urgent", adding: "If emergency calls go unanswered, go to the police and the fire stations in person, where they will try to deal with all the emergencies which may present themselves."

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Sports events have been impacted too, with the Madrid Open having been suspended.

British tennis player Jacob Fearnley was forced to leave the court mid-match after the loss of power affected the scoreboards and a camera above the court.

The moment the outage happened was caught on camera at the Open, with the mic dying during an interview with Coco Gauff.


Red Eléctrica, Spain's national grid operator, said it was working to restore power following a system failure across the entire peninsula.

"The causes are being analysed and all resources are being dedicated to resolving it," the operator explained.

Speaking at a press conference, CEO Eduardo Prieto said it could take "between six and 10 hours" to solve the issue.

The Spanish government has convened a crisis meeting due to outage, according to the El Pais paper.

"A crisis committee has been set up to manage the situation [in Spain]. At this stage there’s no evidence yet regarding the cause of the massive blackout," an official briefed on the situation said.

"A cyberattack has not been ruled out and investigations are ongoing."

In Portugal, a country of some 10.6 million people, the outage hit the capital, Lisbon, and surrounding areas, as well as northern and southern parts of the country.

Portuguese distributor E-Redes said the outage was due to "a problem with the European electricity system", according to Portuguese newspaper Expresso.

The company said it was compelled to cut power in specific areas to stabilise the network, according to Expresso.

Portugal's national electric company, REN, said a fire in the south-west of France may be the cause of the outage.

The fire damaged a high-voltage power line between Perpignan and eastern Narbonne.

Jack is on the west coast of Portugal - and told LBC of an "eerie atmosphere" in the shops.

"We have lost power and lost water, most about an hour now. But we've found a nice little local supermarket," he said.

"There's a group of nine of us, and we've stocked up on water and food. We're holding out for information because we haven't had any yet."

Power in the UK remains unaffected but the situation is being monitored closely, NESO (National Energy System Operator) said.

Craig Dyke, Director of System Operations, said: "Great Britain's electricity network continues to operate as normal, we are monitoring the situation closely and are liaising with our counterparts in neighbouring European countries to offer any assistance that may be required."
 
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Howardh

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I'd be more inclined to look to the east myself, and maybe have a quick shot of Vodka.
Think - and hope - that's very unlikely. Why would they hit Spain rather than, say, the UK or Germany? It's probably a (computer?) malfunction somewhere or just some aging infrastructure that's failed. Gibraltar's OK, it's all self-sufficient in power/water etc!

But it's a reminder to all of us to take cash with us wherever we go; if the "internet" was "down" how would we buy e-tickets to get home?
 

Bletchleyite

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But it's a reminder to all of us to take cash with us wherever we go; if the "internet" was "down" how would we buy e-tickets to get home?

That makes no difference (unless intending to take a taxi and pay cash for it, in which case carrying rather a lot of cash would be necessary) because the trains won't be running if the power is all off, and indeed RENFE has shut down completely.
 

LNW-GW Joint

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There will be questions a la Heathrow as to why the major airports aren't self-contained r/e Power?
Obviously a lot of investigation to do, but could it be anything to do with a solar flare?
Apparently the airports are partially working, using generators.
Metro systems not so lucky, with passengers having to be rescued from trains stuck between stations underground.
 

John Webb

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....Edit: LBC seem to be reporting the Spanish electricity company is reporting it to be caused by rare atmospheric conditions causing oscillation on the power lines themselves! Very curious.
This does suggest possible interference by solar flare as suggested by Howardh in post #6.
 

DarloRich

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John Webb

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Seems unlikely - there hasn't been any significant flare in the last 24hrs, and in fact the X-ray flux is extremely low at present:

https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/goes-x-ray-flux
An interesting website. (I speak as a Physicist!) It would seem from that site that Coronal Mass Ejections might be the cause and that they can take significant time from their occurrence on the sun to reach us on earth. But this area is one I didn't study in much detail - and that was 50 years ago as well.
 

poffle

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I'd think it is unlikely that it's to do with solar flares.

I would imagine that the Spanish grid engineers are much more focussed on restoring power than in carrying out investigations at present.

They have to restore power from the french border and then work progressively into Spain. One if the big problems will be islanding has occurred where there are local areas which have power but aren't connected to the grid.

These islands will be operating at their own version of 50Hz which which will not be synchronised with the grid. You have to connect them up at a time when the phases match. ( need an oscilloscope with a trace for each side of the connection and close the circuit breakers when they are in phase)

Alternatively you have to actually power down the islands and bring them back but by bit.

These kind of failures happen within seconds and propagate too rapidly for human intervention. Circuit breakers are programmed automatically to shed load as the frequency on the grid drops.

If it works well as in the GB grid a few years ago the amount of load shed matches the loss of power into the grid and the remainder of the grid stabilises. Then the grid operator can bring on other generation sources over time and restore power to the areas that were shed.

If it doesn't work well you can lose too much load in the wrong places and further transmission lines can be one overloaded and trip out or the frequency rises and generation units can trip out leading to vicious circles.

The introduction of large amounts of renewables into the grid causes problems with the lack of natural inertia which can be compensated for with big batteries. Also the effect of behind the meter solar causing a large drop in demand in the middle of the day.

I suspect that the fact this happened in the middle of day may suggest that solar may have been a contributory factor.
 

Ediswan

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These islands will be operating at their own version of 50Hz which which will not be synchronised with the grid. You have to connect them up at a time when the phases match. ( need an oscilloscope with a trace for each side of the connection and close the circuit breakers when they are in phase)
Other instruments for comparing phase angles are available :)
 
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Parts of Spain now have their electricity back on, and just a few moments ago, there was a press conference from the Spanish PM about the mass electrical outage. Also just read that RENFE won't be resuming their trains for the remainder of today.

Defo not a normal day for everyone in Spain and Portugal, that's for sure!
 

LNW-GW Joint

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Apparently 30,000 passengers need rescuing from 116 trains stuck without power, according to RENFE.
Power will not be restored today on the main network, but they hope to have commuter services running at some point.

The report is at 1750 in this Guardian blog report:

Around 30,000 passengers are being evacuated by the Spanish rail operator Renfe from trains stranded as a result of today’s blackout, the Spanish news agency EFE reported.
A source told the agency that 116 trains were en route at the time of the outage.
Jason was among passengers affected as he emailed earlier to say he was stuck “about 30-40 miles southwest of Madrid, near Toledo.” Many of you also reported issues getting to and from various airports in the country.
 
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kristiang85

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This definitely wasn't a solar flare, but it does show a taster of what might happen if we have a Carrington event or worse in the current age - only instead of 1/2 countries, it would be entire continents having these problems.
 

Howardh

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It must be awful for those stuck inside trains with failed air-con; you can't even open a window. That is something that really needs to be looked at as a priority, even in this country. I'm sure I read on here some time ago how long trains are self-sufficient on battery, can anyone remind me?
 

D6130

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It must be awful for those stuck inside trains with failed air-con; you can't even open a window. That is something that really needs to be looked at as a priority, even in this country. I'm sure I read on here some time ago how long trains are self-sufficient on battery, can anyone remind me?
With Northern's class 333 units it's about 40 minutes.
 
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This definitely wasn't a solar flare, but it does show a taster of what might happen if we have a Carrington event or worse in the current age - only instead of 1/2 countries, it would be entire continents having these problems.
This could have happened back in July 2012, but narrowly missed Earth. This does remind what will happen should there be the Carrington Event in the future.
 

dgl

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I know in the right wind conditions high voltage power cables can contact each other, if said conditions occur over a large area then that could cause massive problems.

Edit: It's called galloping conductors,

 
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adc82140

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The European grid is said to be much more resilient than the UK. If this has happened in continental Europe, I dread think how the UK grid would cope with something like a Carrington Event. I will make some enquiries about adding a battery to my solar panels.
 

John Webb

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This definitely wasn't a solar flare, but it does show a taster of what might happen if we have a Carrington event or worse in the current age - only instead of 1/2 countries, it would be entire continents having these problems.
What is a 'Carrington event', please?
 

Nicholas Lewis

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The Spanish/Portuguese grid was experiencing disturbances on and off in the 60mins pre the event.

https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7322583626229993472/

We have taken a closer look into what happened before the outage: It looks like the event was the result of some prior incidents at around 10h05 and 10h20 (UTC). What worries a bit is that the amplitude of the Porto recording and the Málaga recording are the same in the first state whereas the Málaga amplitude is much higher in the second state.

The cause of those isn't yet known/revealed but was is known is that with high solar penetration the grid following inverters (they convert the DC from the panels to AC but key into the current grid frequency) were trying to follow the disturbance and one theory doing the rounds is they have magnified the problem and tipped frequency beyond the trip levels of protection relays.
Anyhow highly unusual event and comparable with the 1965 New York event.
 
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185143

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I noticed the PIS screens weren't working at Wuppertal Hbf at 18:15 or so.

And this train is over 40 late, but that's just DB on a good day!
 
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